European DEMO design strategy and consequences for materials

Federici, G.; Biel, W.; Gilbert, Mark R.; Kemp, R.; Nigel, Taylor; Wenninger, R.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/57/9/092002

Cited by 251 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…EU DEMO is primarily designed to be a pulsed machine but is expected to deliver long pulse durations with only a short dwell time. The expected fusion thermal output is currently envisaged to be in the order of 2 GW, with electrical output at 500 MW, but the design is only in at a conceptual stage [44,45].…”

Section: Demo Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Fusion Power Plants

Takeda¹,

Pearson²

2019

Power Plants in the Industry

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Nuclear fusion, the process that powers the sun and the stars, is heralded as the ultimate energy source for the future of mankind. The promise of nuclear fusion to provide clean and safe energy, while having abundant fuel resources continues to drive global research and development. However, the goal of reaching so-called "breakeven" energy conditions, whereby the energy produced from a fusion reaction is greater than the energy put in, is yet to be demonstrated. It is the role of ITER, an international collaborative experimental reactor, to achieve breakeven conditions and to demonstrate technologies that will allow fusion to be realized as a viable energy source. However, with significant delays and cost overruns to ITER, there has been increased interest in the development of other fusion reactor concepts, particularly by private-sector start-ups, all of which are exploring the possibility of an accelerated route to fusion. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of nuclear fusion science, and provides an account of current approaches and their progress towards the realization of future fusion energy power plants. The range of technical issues, associated technology development challenges and future commercial opportunities are explored, with a focus on magnetic confinement approaches.

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Section: Demo Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Fusion Power Plants

Takeda¹,

Pearson²

2019

Power Plants in the Industry

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“…Both of the fusion engineering test reactors and fusion demonstration reactors are being designed to achieve the target of tritium self-sufficiency. 8,[10][11][12] In China, the engineering design phase of CFETR has begun and would be hopefully completed around 2020, which will support the proposal for construction phase according to the recent roadmap. The reactor start-up and tritium self-sufficiency issues should be discussed for CFETR during its engineering design phase considering the uncertainties of tritium resources available and existing risk of failing tritium self-sufficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…7 Meanwhile, the next fusion reactors were also proposed and supported by many national and local governments based on the roadmap of fusion energy development. 11,12 Deuterium and tritium have been regarded as the fuels for the above-mentioned fusion reactors because DT fusion reaction requires the lowest fusion triple product to achieve energy self-sustaining among various fuels fusion reaction. The first is to build a smaller sized fusion experimental facility before building a fusion power plant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EU-DEMO, K-DEMO were proposed by Europe and Korea, respectively. 11,12 Deuterium and tritium have been regarded as the fuels for the above-mentioned fusion reactors because DT fusion reaction requires the lowest fusion triple product to achieve energy self-sustaining among various fuels fusion reaction. For a fusion reactor with 1 GW fusion power, about 37.1 kg deuterium and 55.6 kg tritium would be burnt per full power operational year.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insights into fuel start‐up and self‐sufficiency for fusion energy: The case of CFETR

Nie¹,

Ran

Zeng

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Commercial tritium resources available are too scarce to fully supply the future fusion reactors after International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Tritium self‐sufficiency, ITER fails to fully validate, was regarded as one of the most important issues needed to be solved in the pathway of achieving fusion energy. After ITER, several concepts of fusion engineering test reactors and fusion demonstration reactors have been proposed worldwide, for example, Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF), DEMOnstration fusion reactor (DEMO) in European Union and Korea. CFETR is in the engineering design phase and would be hopefully completed around 2020. Tritium resources for the reactor start‐up and tritium self‐sufficiency are two primary issues besides the steady‐state operation for CFETR. The objectives of this work are as follows: (a) to introduce the preliminary fuel cycle concept and available tritium resources for CFETR, (b) to evaluate and discuss the tritium demand for CFETR start‐up (phase I: 200 MW) and the feasibility of DD start‐up, (c) to identify the possible pathways to tritium self‐sufficiency through sensitivity analysis based on the design baseline of CFETR, (d) to evaluate the consequences in case of failing tritium self‐sufficiency, and (e) to identify future R&D needed for tritium self‐sufficiency. It is expected to give insights into the question on how to start the reactor in a more economical way, into the feasibility of tritium self‐sufficiency, and into the question on what will happen in case of failing tritium self‐sufficiency.

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“…Thus, an initial DEMO phase is foreseen with a maximum dose around 20 dpa for components integration testing, and a second DEMO phase with a maximum dose around 50 dpa [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IFMIF-DONES project: preliminary engineering design

Ibarra

Arbeiter²,

Bernardi

et al. 2018

Nucl. Fusion

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The need of a neutron source for the qualification of materials to be used in future fusion power reactors has been recognized in the European Union (EU) fusion programme for many years. The construction and exploitation of this facility is presently considered to be critical to the construction of the DEMOnstration Power Plant (DEMO). This issue has prompted the EU to launch activities for the design and engineering of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) facility based on and taking profit of the results obtained in the Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (IFMIF/EVEDA) project, presently conducted in the framework of the EU–Japan Bilateral Agreement on the Broader Approach to Fusion. These activities and research and development work for the IFMIF-DONES plant are presently taking place in the framework of a work package of the EUROfusion Consortium, in direct collaboration with the Fusion for Energy organization. The main objective of these activities is to consolidate the design and underlying technology basis in order to be ready for the start of the IFMIF-DONES construction as early as possible. In this paper, an overview and the present status of the IFMIF-DONES engineering design is presented for a generic site, making emphasis on the recent design evolution from previous phases.

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European DEMO design strategy and consequences for materials

Cited by 251 publications

References 55 publications

Nuclear Fusion Power Plants

Nuclear Fusion Power Plants

Insights into fuel start‐up and self‐sufficiency for fusion energy: The case of CFETR

The IFMIF-DONES project: preliminary engineering design

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