European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Physical activity and cancer

Leitzmann, Michael F.; Powers, Hilary J.; Anderson, Annie S.; Scoccianti, Chiara; Berrino, Franco; Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine; Cecchini, Michele; Espina, Carolina; Key, Timothy J.; Norat, Teresa; Wiseman, Martin; Romieu, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2015.03.009

Cited by 120 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Study revealed that physical activity have the effect to protect against colon, breast and endometrial cancers, besides, insufficient physical activity levels were also estimated to cause 9% of breast cancer cases and 10% of colon cancer cases in Europe [42]. Observational studies demonstrated that physical activity was independently related to decreased risk of all-cause mortality in cancer survivors [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Zeng¹,

Song²,

Lin³

et al. 2017

OJEMD

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The growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is now well developed, nevertheless, the safety of GH replacement, especially the incidence of cancer in these patients remains to be further clarified. To summarize the evidence on the safety of using GH in AGHD, we conduct this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between the risk of cancer and GH replacement therapy. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies involved in GH therapy for AGHD were selected. Meta-analysis was performed and risk ratio (RR) was pooled with 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the relationship between GH replacement and the risk of cancer. The result indicated that there was no evidence to draw a conclusion that GH replacement therapy will increase the risk of cancer (P = 0.001, RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.65, 0.90]). Meanwhile, according to the calculated analysis, the replacement therapy might even reduce the risk of cancer. Furthermore, subgroup analysis demonstrated that there was no correlation between replacement therapy of GH and the risk of cancer both in prospective and retrospective cohort design research, and in prospective group, the risk of cancer even decreased (P = 0.0002, RR = 0.71, 95%CI [0.59, 0.85]). In conclusion, our study corroborates evidence from previous studies showing that GH replacement therapy in AGHD patients would not increase the risk of cancer; instead, it might be even decrease cancer risk. The results suggested that GH replacement therapy in AGHD patients was safe.#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Zeng¹,

Song²,

Lin³

et al. 2017

OJEMD

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“…Having a healthy body weight protects against cancers of the oesophagus (adenocarcinoma), colorectum, gall bladder, pancreas, breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, ovary, kidney (renal cell) and prostate cancer (advanced), while regular physical activity protects against cancers of the colon, breast and endometrium (7,8). A healthy body weight and regular physical activity is, after tobacco control, the second most important way to prevent cancer (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definitions of carcinogens were based on the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic to humans (group 1) in the IARC monographs programme (Table 2) (6). Selected lifestyle factors that affect cancer risk were based on the IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, which provide evaluations of the cancer-preventive potential of agents and interventions; this series is intended to complement the IARC monographs programme (6) and the European Code against Cancer, 4th edition (7,8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental carcinogen exposure and lifestyle factors affecting cancer risk in Qatar: findings from a qualitative review

Denholm¹,

Schüz

Straif

et al. 2016

East Mediterr Health J

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To meet the country's health goals for 2011-2016, a qualitative review of exposure to risk factors for cancer in Qatar was conducted in 2013. The review included exposure to environmental agents carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer classification), as well as lifestyle factors known to affect cancer risk. Information from all available sources was assembled and reviewed. The levels of particulate matter reported in Qatar were in the upper range of ambient air pollutants reported internationally, and may influence the country's future lung cancer burden. The limited data on occupational exposure suggests that the greatest risks for workers in the construction industry are likely to be from environmental dust and related air pollutants. The greatest cancer risks for Qatari nationals may be lifestyle factors, particularly obesity, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Extended monitoring of the composition of and human exposure to air pollutants is recommended.

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“…Modification of lifestyle factors has been shown to play a role in reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including modifications in excess weight, poor diet, smoking, alcohol excess and physical inactivity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, given the difficulty in performing randomised controlled trials in lifestyle interventions in colorectal cancer, there is doubt about the feasibility of such interventions [7,8].…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on Lifestyle Interventions Are Feasible in Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Potential Short-Term Health Benefits

Bryce¹,

Moug²

2017

J Comm Pub Health Nurs

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The problemWith the increasing incidence and heavy disease burden of colorectal cancer, there is a new need to improve the quality and length of survivorship in patients with this illness. The management of colorectal cancer involves multi-disciplinary working through multimodal treatment pathways and in itself has significant effects on the physical and psychological health of patients. Major surgery, adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the possibility of a stoma are included in the list of challenges patients must overcome in their journey through the treatment of this illness.One such strategy to improve the quality and length of survivorship is lifestyle interventions. Modification of lifestyle factors has been shown to play a role in reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including modifications in excess weight, poor diet, smoking, alcohol excess and physical inactivity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, given the difficulty in performing randomised controlled trials in lifestyle interventions in colorectal cancer, there is doubt about the feasibility of such interventions [7,8]. With this in mind, we have recently published a systematic review [9] which sought to collate the evidence for the feasibility of performing lifestyle factor interventions in patients with colorectal cancer, allowing conclusions on the short and long-term health benefits to be drawn. FeasibilityWe identified 14 randomised controlled trials investigating either physical activity or diet/excess body weight, or both, in patients with colorectal cancer -there were no randomised controlled trials investigating smoking or alcohol consumption [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The interventions consisted mainly of telephone-prompted walking or cycling interventions and were mostly in the adjuvant setting. Dietary interventions focused on low-fat, high-fibre diets and were mostly part of multi-modal lifestyle interventions. We noted a low drop-out rate among these interventions, suggesting they are feasible. Although the majority were performed in the adjuvant setting, we also noted interventions being performed in the neo-adjuvant setting (including pre-habilitation) and even many years after completion of treatment. Short-term outcomes and crossover benefitsIn addition to a low drop-out rate among these randomised controlled trials we also noted shortterm improvements in both physical health (dietary quality, physical fitness) and quality of life. It should also be mentioned that many of these trials recruited from populations of patients with no one individual cancer, i.e. not specifically colorectal cancer. These findings reinforce the importance of correcting lifestyle factors not solely in colorectal cancer, but in many other cancers. Furthermore, given the well-documented and widely accepted role of lifestyle factors in the development of many other widespread diseases (cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes) [26], any lifestyle interventions to improv...

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European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Physical activity and cancer

Cited by 120 publications

References 81 publications

Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Environmental carcinogen exposure and lifestyle factors affecting cancer risk in Qatar: findings from a qualitative review

Commentary on Lifestyle Interventions Are Feasible in Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Potential Short-Term Health Benefits

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