European beech leads to more bioactive humus forms but stronger mineral soil acidification as Norway spruce and Scots pine – Results of a repeated site assessment after 63 and 82 years of forest conversion in Central Germany

Achilles, Florian; Tischer, Alexander; Bernhardt‐Römermann, Markus; Heinze, M.; Reinhardt, Frank; Makeschin, Franz; Michalzik, Beate

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118769

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Very slight decrease in pH is consistent with Achilles et al (2021), who observed acidification of the mineral soil (up to 0.5 pH units) in coniferous stand (mixture of Norway spruce and Scots pine) in central Germany, which was linked to the fine root distribution and the cation uptake. The greatest acidification occurred in the topsoil at a depth of 0-10 cm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil

Šurda

Lichner

Kollár

et al. 2021

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Pines are widely planted for sand dune stabilization and their cultivation results in the changes in physical, chemical, hydro-physical and water repellency properties. Soil properties were evaluated at three Scots pine plantations (PF1, PF2 and PF3) close to Studienka village, Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia) during hot and dry summer period. The PF1 site is a newly established plantation, the PF2 site is about 30 years old plantation, and the PF3 site is about 100 years old plantation. Here, we estimated the differences in pH, soil organic carbon content, Cox, particle size distribution, PSD, saturated, ks, and unsaturated, k(–2 cm), hydraulic conductivity, water, Sw , and ethanol, Se , sorptivity, water drop penetration time, WDPT, and repellency index, RI. It was found that Cox varies most significantly with plantation age, and relative differences in PSD and pH were lower than the relative difference in Cox. The PF3 site differs the most from the other two, especially in Cox and in the content of sand fraction. It can be attributed to the older age of the plantation, which represents a more advanced stage of succession accompanied by an accumulation of soil organic matter. Relationships between Cox, k(–2 cm), RI, and WDPT and pine forest age were described by appropriate mathematical models. We found a similarity between k(–2 cm) and RI relationships vs. pine forest age (exponential models), and between Cox and WDPT relationships vs. pine forest age (first and second-order polynomial models). The latter similarity can be supported by the fact that soil water repellency is induced by the hydrophobic and amphiphilic components of soil organic matter.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil

Šurda

Lichner

Kollár

et al. 2021

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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“…Species ranking of FF and mineral topsoil C org and N t stocks as well as the vertical distribution was as expected from earlier findings (Achilles et al, 2021;Hagen-Thorn et al, 2004;Langenbruch et al, 2012;Lorenz & Thiele-Bruhn, 2019;Oostra et al, 2006;Peng et al, 2020;Vesterdal et al, 2008Vesterdal et al, , 2013. They provide further support that species could be grouped by their effect on C org and N t dynamics.…”

Section: Stocks Of C Org and N T And Their Vertical Distributionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These soil monitorings show a strong spatial range from soil C org and N t losses to uptakes. Very recently, Achilles et al (2021) found decadal losses of FF C org under beech-dominated, but not under coniferous stands in Central Germany, while topsoil C org and N t concentrations remained unchanged in beech-dominated and coniferous stands. We are not aware of any study that repeatedly measured soil C org and N t stocks in common garden experiments to estimate their changes on a species level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in C org and N t stocks can be measured either directly via repeated sampling (Achilles et al, 2021;Grüneberg et al, 2014) or indirectly, that is, by mass balances quantifying input and output fluxes (Angst, Mueller, Eissenstat, et al, 2019;Vesterdal et al, 2012). The latter provide valuable insights into the controlling processes, but they are very laborious and seldom include all input and output parameters with sufficient precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments?

Steffens

Beer

Schelfhout

et al. 2021

European J Soil Science

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Temperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear.We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (C org ) and total nitrogen (N t ) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce-Picea abies L., European beech-Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak-Quercus robur L., sycamore maple-Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash-Fraxinus excelsior L. and small-leaved lime-Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of C org and N t distribution:(1) Spruce with high C org and N t stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller C org and N t stocks and a wider C org :N t ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low C org and N t stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater C org and N t stocks, and narrow C org :N t ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF C org and N t stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0-15 cm and 0-30 cm depth) C org and N t stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site-related and tree species-mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short-term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for C org stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing N t stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce.Eva-Maria Pfeiffer and Lars Vesterdal are joint senior authors.

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“…and Norway spruce forests an organic layer of litter material builds up because needles are more recalcitrant toward decomposition than leaves. Under deciduous forests a shallower organic layer with a higher turnover rate forms (Achilles et al, 2020). Yet, deciduous trees tend to develop deeper rooting systems, thereby supplying the subsoil with organic matter (deB Richter jr. and Markewitz, 2001;Berger et al, 2002Berger et al, , 2006Schmid and Kazda, 2002;Rehschuh et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Mixed-Deciduous and Coniferous Forests in Austria

Jandl

Ledermann

Kindermann

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Question: We compared the soil organic carbon stock of the forests of an entire country. The objective of our research was establishing the differences between coniferous or deciduous forests with respect to soil carbon stocks. The question is relevant because coniferous forests are increasingly damaged by abiotic and biotic disturbances that are related to climate change. Deciduous forests are considered to be less vulnerable. Their soils are expected to be more persistent and reliable sinks for carbon dioxide.Methods: Soil data are available from the Austrian Forest Soil Survey. Soils have been sampled on sites of the Austrian Forest Inventory. The data were stratified according to geology (calcareous vs. silicatic bedrock), orientation of the slopes, and forest type (coniferous vs. mixed-deciduous forest). These data were used to establish ground truth of soil organic carbon stocks. Further, we had simulation results of a coupled forest growth/soil carbon model. The scenarios built on the results of the Forest Inventory 2007/09 and reflect a business-as-usual forest management vs. a climate-change adaptation scenario where forest managers replace coniferous with deciduous forests if site conditions permit it. The simulations were performed with the forest growth simulator CÂLDIS and the soil carbon model Yasso07.Results: Based on the Austrian Forest Soil Survey carbon stocks of coniferous forests were consistently higher than in mixed-deciduous forests. This result applies both for the organic litter layer and the mineral soil to a depth of 50 cm. The depth gradients of carbon were similar in both forest types. The simulation under a strong warming scenario showed an increase in the carbon stocks of soils when conifers are replaced by deciduous tree species. In the 150-year simulation the majority of forest sites will become suitable for deciduous forests. The build-up of a large soil organic carbon stock is driven by the stronger harvesting pressure on the remaining coniferous forests. Deciduous forests were in lesser demand and developed under a light forest intervention regime. However, toward the end of the century, when the temperature level is far above present levels, the soil organic carbon stocks declined.

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European beech leads to more bioactive humus forms but stronger mineral soil acidification as Norway spruce and Scots pine – Results of a repeated site assessment after 63 and 82 years of forest conversion in Central Germany

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil

Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil

Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments?

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Mixed-Deciduous and Coniferous Forests in Austria

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