European adolescent substance use: the roles of family structure, function and gender

McArdle, Paul; Wiegersma, Auke; Gilvarry, Éilish; Kolte, Birgitta; McCarthy, Steven J; Fitzgerald, Michael; Brinkley, Aoife; Blom, Maria; Stoeckel, Ingo; Pierolini, Anna; Michels, Ingo Ilja; Johnson, Rob; Quensel, Stephan

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00066.x

Cited by 114 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore socioeconomic status was unlikely to be a main factor for the paternal-maternal differences observed. Some studies have reported that the effect of family structure on substance use differed significantly by sex [20,46], but this was not observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…However, contradictory findings have also been reported. While there were findings to support the association between non-intact family structure and higher alcohol drinking frequency among adolescents [19], others found no relation between them [20]. Relatively few studies have further classified single-parent families into paternal or maternal families [16,21-23], and none has made statistical comparisons between them in relation to adolescent substance use, and considering the effects of parent-child communication [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family structure, parent-child conversation time and substance use among Chinese adolescents

Thomas

Schooling

et al. 2010

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe family plays a vital role in shaping adolescent behaviours. The present study investigated the associations between family structure and substance use among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.MethodsA total of 32,961 Form 1 to 5 (grade 7-12 in the US) Hong Kong students participated in the Youth Smoking Survey in 2003-4. An anonymous questionnaire was used to obtain information about family structure, daily duration of parent-child conversation, smoking, alcohol drinking and drug use. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for each substance use by family structure.ResultsAdjusting for sex, age, type of housing, parental smoking and school, adolescents from non-intact families were significantly more likely to be current smokers (OR = 1.62), weekly drinkers (OR = 1.72) and ever drug users (OR = 1.72), with significant linear increases in ORs from maternal, paternal to no-parent families compared with intact families. Furthermore, current smoking (OR = 1.41) and weekly drinking (OR = 1.46) were significantly more common among adolescents from paternal than maternal families. After adjusting for parent-child conversation time, the ORs for non-intact families remained significant compared with intact families, but the paternal-maternal differences were no longer significant.ConclusionsNon-intact families were associated with substance use among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The apparently stronger associations with substance use in paternal than maternal families were probably mediated by the poorer communication with the father.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family structure, parent-child conversation time and substance use among Chinese adolescents

Thomas

Schooling

et al. 2010

BMC Public Health

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“…Although the definition and structure of a family (e.g., nuclear, extended) varies between countries and across cultures, the power of a family can be harnessed in HIV prevention and control, assuming cultural concerns about privacy of persons and confidentiality of data are addressed appropriately. Several investigators have pointed to the importance of families in substance use addiction or called for interventions that build on the strengths of the families and mobilize them to contribute to the community's long-term health, survival, and security needs (Aronowitz et al, 2005;Fullilove et al, 2000;McArdle et al, 2002;Paruk et al, 2005;Rotheram-Borus et al, 2005).…”

Section: Levels Of Risk Reduction Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resourceconstrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors.RESUMEN-Il est important de prévenir la transmission hétérosexuelle du VIH à partir des usagers de drogue pour contrôler l'épidémie hétérosexuelle locale et mondiale de VIH. Des interventions ciblant à la fois la réduction de risque sexuel et la santé des usagers de drogue sont nécessaires. Les interventions de réduction de risque sexuel prennent en compte le niveau individuel, le niveau des pairs et celui des déterminants structurels de la réduction des risques. Les interventions visant l'amélioration de la santé comprennent le conseil et le dépistage du VIH, la prévention et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et la prescription d'antirétroviraux. Il est important d'adapter les interventions efficaces mises en place dans les pays riches aux réalités des contextes de pays à ressources limitées et de tenir compte des facteurs contextuels pertinents. Keywords global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk HIV Infection and Injection Drug UsersInjection drug use continues to complicate the control of the global HIV epidemic (UNAIDS, 2004). In 2003, 136 countries reported injecting drug use and 93 countries reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) (World Health Organization, 2003). IDUs are at risk for infection with HIV through both multiperson use ("sharing") of drug injection equipment and through unsafe sex behaviors (Aceijas et al., 2004). Although the scope and effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV infection through drug injection equipment has been well documented in the literature (Des Jarlais et al., 2005;Quan et This review describes sex risk reduction interventions with drug users and their effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors of IDUs and other drug users. We highlight the needs and opportunities for these interventions, discuss the generalizability of the results to resourceconstrained settings, and outline the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. Although our literature review is not comprehensive, it highlights many areas that affect sexual transmission of HIV to and from drug users in both resource-rich and resourceconstrained settings. Efforts to reduce substance abuse and HIV risk associated with injection behav...

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“…Social factors such as lack of parental monitoring (McArdle et al, 2002), certain peer groups and schools, and attachment to substance abusing peers (Dupre et al, 1995) have been shown to be significantly associated with the risk of early initiation. Change in maternal marital status, particularly when the child is 5-14 years old, is also associated with an increased risk of cannabis use (Hayatbakhsh et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social capital, political trust and experience of cannabis smoking: A population-based study in southern Sweden

Lindström

2008

Preventive Medicine

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Tables: 2 2 Title: Social capital, political trust and cannabis smoking: A population-based study in southern Sweden Abstract Objective: To investigate whether political mistrust in the Riksdag (the national parliament in Sweden) is an independent characteristic of cannabis smokers, or whether it reflects low confidence in people in general, and therefore low social capital. Method:The 2004 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study answered by 27,757 respondents aged 18-80 with a 59% response rate providing data on political trust, cannabis smoking, and potential confounders.Results: 13.9% of the men and 8.3% of the women had smoked cannabis; 17.3% of the male and 11.6% of the female respondents reported no trust at all in the Riksdag, and another 38.2% and 36.2%, respectively, reported a moderate political trust. Young age, high education, unemployment, low generalized trust in other people, and lower levels of political trust were associated with cannabis smoking, even after multiple adjustments. The groups men with no trust at all in the Riksdag, and women with high trust, not particularly high political trust and no political trust at all had significantly higher odds ratios of cannabis smoking than the very high trust reference category. The results thus somewhat differed between men and women. Conclusion:Low political trust is associated with cannabis smoking, independently of trust in people in general.

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European adolescent substance use: the roles of family structure, function and gender

Cited by 114 publications

References 33 publications

Family structure, parent-child conversation time and substance use among Chinese adolescents

Family structure, parent-child conversation time and substance use among Chinese adolescents

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Social capital, political trust and experience of cannabis smoking: A population-based study in southern Sweden

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