Europe's Barbarians AD 200-600

Hareketli̇li̇kleri̇n Düzenlenmesi̇ni̇n Ve Gözeti̇mi̇n Avrupa Bi̇rli̇ği̇ Teri̇toryasinin Kurumsallaşmasi Üzeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇si̇

“…Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde istenmeyen hareketliliklere karşı inşa edilmiş olan Hadrian Duvarı, primitif düzeyde ve değişken nitelikte olsa da mekânsal bir ayrım kurarak içeriyi dışarıya karşı korumayı hedeflemekteydi. 82 Benzer şekilde İmparatorluk döneminde hem merkezi dışarıdan korumaya 83 hem de içerideki sahiplikleri düzenlemeye 84 yönelik olarak Büyük Çin Seddi inşa edilmişti.…”

Tracing residential mobility during the Merovingian period: An isotopic analysis of human remains from the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany

“…The fifth and sixth centuries AD marked a period of profound change in the political landscapes of Europe. By 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire had disintegrated and was replaced by a series of competing successor kingdoms led by new military entities, such as the Franks, the Visigoths, and the Burgundians (James, ; Pohl, ; Wood, ). The Franks of the Merovingian dynasty emerged out of this period of political upheaval and competition to form one of the most powerful and stable early medieval states in Central and Western Europe.…”

“…Analyses of the form and decoration of the handmade vessels indicate similarities and influences to regions east of the Rhine and the North Sea area (Figure ) (Engels, ; Gross, ; Koch, ; Leithäuser, ; Wieczorek, ). Alternative approaches attribute less importance to the presence of newcomers and interpret the appearance and spread of furnished burials during the sixth century AD as indicative of a cultural reorientation, pre‐eminently of indigenous communities, that promoted competition for local power in response to the socio‐political dynamics of that time (Fehr, ; Halsall, ; James, ). Foreign elements and practices in the burial record are primarily seen as forms of cultural exchange and expressions of socio‐political interactions rather than direct evidence of residential mobility (Brather, ).…”

Were the “Kainulaiset” in the Kalix River valley Finnish or Swedish-speakers?

“…We know that trade in the Gulf of Bothnia area during the Middle Ages was in the direction of Mälardalen (Stockholm), not Middle Norrland, and we know that journeys undertaken in the Viking Age were very extensive. It must be out of question that one or another trade expedition from Uppland and the Mälardalen area was undertaken to the Gulf of Bothnia area for developing the attractive fur trade in this period of extreme Scandinavian military and trade expansion all over Europe and to the Middle East area (Logan 1991;James 2009;Heather 2010;Andersson 2013).…”