Euro 6 Unregulated Pollutant Characterization and Statistical Analysis of After-Treatment Device and Driving-Condition Impact on Recent Passenger-Car Emissions

Abstract

This study aims to measure and analyze unregulated compound emissions for two Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles. The vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer under various driving cycles: Artemis driving cycles (urban, road, and motorway), the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the World Harmonized Light-Duty Test Cycle (WLTC) for Europe, and world approval cycles. The emissions of unregulated compounds (such as total particle number (PN) (over 5.6 nm); black carbon (BC); NO; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX); carbonyl compounds; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) were measured with several online devices, and different samples were collected using cartridges and quartz filters. Furthermore, a preliminary statistical analysis was performed on eight Euro 4-6 diesel and gasoline vehicles to study the impacts of driving conditions and after-treatment and engine technologies on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants. The results indicate that urban conditions with cold starts induce high emissions of BTEX and carbonyl compounds. Motorway conditions are characterized by high emissions of particle numbers and CO, which mainly induced by gasoline vehicles. Compared with gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles equipped with catalyzed or additive DPF emit fewer particles but more NO and carbonyl compounds.

An integrated functional and transcriptomic analysis reveals that repeated exposure to diesel exhaust induces sustained mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunctions

“…However, oxidation catalysis causes an increase in NO 2 emissions, observed during the driving conditions. These observations are in agreement with Martinet et al (2017) (Martinet et al, 2017) and these elevated NO 2 emissions may contribute to the biological effects of DE, as previously suggested (Karthikeyan et al, 2013). Note that the NO 2 levels in our study are similar between P1 and P2 due to the diesel oxidation catalyst located upstream to regenerate the DPF with NO 2 , an active oxidation agent used in the regeneration process of the soot accumulated in the DPF (Kandylas and Koltsakis, 2002).…”

A transition of atmospheric emissions of particles and gases from on-road heavy-duty trucks

“…The SPN as defined by the European Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) is the number of particles which remains after passing through an evaporation tube with a wall temperature of 300-400 • C (Zheng et al, 2011). The PMP only measures and regulates solid particles with a diameter larger than 23 nm, because measurements of smaller particles in the nucleation mode have poor repeatability (Martini et al, 2009). SPN larger than 23 nm was integrated into the European emission regulation in 2013 for Euro VI heavy-duty engines (Giechaskiel et al, 2012).…”

A New Portable Instrument for Online Measurements of Formaldehyde: From Ambient to Mobile Emission Sources

“…Although there are numerous methods used to measure HCHO, they are not suitable for on-board tests. In previous studies, HCHO emissions from vehicles were primarily estimated using the DNPH method, ,, which would fail to capture instantaneous characteristics resulting from specific driving conditions, such as acceleration and ignition. The measurement ranges of online measurement technologies such as the Hantzsch-Flu, PTR-MS, and FTIR are limited for direct measurements of HCHO from vehicle exhaust as the concentrations ranged widely from hundreds of parts per billion by volume to tens of parts per million by volume.…”