Euproops danae (Belinuridae) cluster confirms deep origin of gregarious behaviour in xiphosurids

Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Pates, Stephen; Botton, Mark L.

doi:10.15298/arthsel.28.4.07

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Belinurids represent the most successful Carboniferous and Permian xiphosurid group that explored freshwater niches ( Lamsdell, 2016 ; Shpinev & Vasilenko, 2018 ; Shpinev, 2018 ; Bicknell, Pates & Botton, 2019 ). The group also has an exceptional diversity and disparity, which is unusual when compared to the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic forms ( Bicknell, 2019 ; Bicknell et al, 2019a ; Bicknell et al, in press-a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clusters of extinct arthropods in the fossil record were considered evidence of biological activities (such as gregarious behavior) or traces of digestive processes (bromalite), as opposed to taphonomic artifacts ( Speyer & Brett, 1985 ; Karim & Westrop, 2002 ; Paterson et al, 2008 ; Brett et al, 2012 ; Brett, 2015 ; Bicknell, Pates & Botton, 2019 ). Specimens on the sample NM Me 108 ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horseshoe crab clustering is well documented in extant species ( Shuster Jr, 1982 ; Brockmann, 1990 ; Brockmann, 2003 ; Brockmann, Nguyen & Potts, 2000 ; Brockmann et al, 2015 ); however, exceptionally rare in the horseshoe crab fossil record. Indeed, the only evidence is one possible Euproops danae ( Meek & Worthen, 1865 ) cluster ( Ambrose & Romano, 1972 ; Fisher, 1979 ; Bicknell, Pates & Botton, 2019 ). NM Me 108 ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A revision ofProlimulus woodwardiFritsch, 1899 with comparison to other highly paedomorphic belinurids

Lustri

Laibl

Bicknell

2021

PeerJ

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Xiphosurida is an ingroup of marine Euchelicerata often referred to as “living fossils”. However, this oxymoronic term is inapplicable for Paleozoic and early Mesozoic forms, as during these periods the group experienced notable evolutionary radiations; particularly the diverse late Palaeozoic clade Belinurina. Despite the iconic nature of the group, select species in this clade have been left undescribed in the light of recent geometric morphometric and phylogenetic considerations and methodologies. To this end, we re-describe Prolimulus woodwardi Fritsch, 1899 using new and type specimens to reveal more details on appendage anatomy and possible ecology. Furthermore, we present geometric morphometric and phylogenetic analyses that uncover relationships between P. woodwardi and other belinurids without genal spines. Both approaches highlight that a clade containing Prolimulus Fritsch, 1899, Liomesaspis Raymond, 1944, Alanops Racheboeuf, Vannier & Anderson, 2002 and Stilpnocephalus Selden, Simonetto & Marsiglio, 2019 may exist. While we do not erect a new group to contain these genera, we note that these genera exemplify the extreme limits of the Belinurina radiation and a peak in horseshoe crab diversity and disparity. This evidence also illustrates how changes in heterochronic timing are a key evolutionary phenomenon that can drive radiations among animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A revision ofProlimulus woodwardiFritsch, 1899 with comparison to other highly paedomorphic belinurids

Lustri

Laibl

Bicknell

2021

PeerJ

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“…2017; Bicknell & Pates 2019, 2020; Bicknell et al . 2019 b ). This is especially striking given the phylogenetic and morphological disparity between limulids and belinurids (Briggs et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboniferous horseshoe crab musculature suggests anatomical conservatism within Xiphosurida

Bicknell

Tashman

Edgecombe

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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An exceptionally preserved specimen of the horseshoe crab Euproops danae (Xiphosurida, Belinurina) in a siderite concretion from the Carboniferous (Upper Pennsylvanian, Virgilian) Lawrence Formation, Kansas, shows anatomical details of the prosomal musculature. The extrinsic appendicular muscles are comparable to those of Limulus polyphemus (the modern American horseshoe crab), demonstrating anatomical conservatism within Xiphosurida that spans two morphologically disparate subgroups, Belinurina and Limulina. The three‐dimensional preservation of muscles highlights how siderite concretion fossils (including those of the Mazon Creek Konservat‐Lagerstätte) have better preservational fidelity than previously realized and the potential to reveal new anatomical information, especially with regard to the labile tissues of euarthropods.

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Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation

Bicknell

Pates

Kaiser

et al. 2022

International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007- 2020

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Euproops danae (Belinuridae) cluster confirms deep origin of gregarious behaviour in xiphosurids

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

A revision ofProlimulus woodwardiFritsch, 1899 with comparison to other highly paedomorphic belinurids

A revision ofProlimulus woodwardiFritsch, 1899 with comparison to other highly paedomorphic belinurids

Carboniferous horseshoe crab musculature suggests anatomical conservatism within Xiphosurida

Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation

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