Eupolypod ferns with dryopteroid/thelypteroid traits from Arroyo Chacay (Huitrera Formation, Eocene), Río Negro Province, Argentina

Machado, Matías Agustín; Vera, Ezequiel Ignacio; Passalia, Mauro Gabriel; Ponce, Marta Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104381

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…Schomb. (mentioned but not illustrated in Carvalho et al, 2013; see also Barreda et al, 2020; Machado et al, 2023), as well as abundant and diverse gymnosperms including Araucariaceae (Wilf et al, 2014; Rossetto‐Harris et al, 2020), Podocarpaceae (Wilf et al, 2005a, 2017; Wilf, 2012, 2020; Andruchow‐Colombo et al, 2019a; Barreda et al, 2020; Pujana et al, 2020), Cupressaceae (Wilf et al, 2009), Ginkgoales (Villar de Seoane et al, 2015), and Zamiaceae (Wilf et al, 2016). Podocarp genera previously reported from the flora include Dacrycarpus (Endl.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A new fossil Acmopyle with accessory transfusion tissue and potential reproductive buds: Direct evidence for ever‐wet rainforests in Eocene Patagonia

Andruchow‐Colombo,

Rossetto‐Harris,

Brodribb

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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PremiseAcmopyle (Podocarpaceae) comprises two extant species from Oceania that are physiologically restricted to ever‐wet rainforests, a confirmed fossil record based on leaf adpressions and cuticles in Australia since the Paleocene, and a few uncertain reports from New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. We investigated fossil specimens with Acmopyle affinities from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco site in Patagonia, Argentina.MethodsWe studied 42 adpression leafy‐shoot fossils and included them in a total evidence phylogenetic analysis.ResultsAcmopyle grayae sp. nov. is based on heterophyllous leafy shoots with three distinct leaf types. Among these, bilaterally flattened leaves uniquely preserve subparallel, linear features that we interpret as accessory transfusion tissue (ATT, an extra‐venous water‐conducting tissue). Some apical morphologies of A. grayae shoots are compatible with the early stages of ovuliferous cone development. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers the new species in a polytomy with the two extant Acmopyle species. We report several types of insect‐herbivory damage. We also transfer Acmopyle engelhardti from the middle Eocene Río Pichileufú flora to Dacrycarpus engelhardti comb. nov.ConclusionsWe confirm the biogeographically significant presence of the endangered West Pacific genus Acmopyle in Eocene Patagonia. Acmopyle is one of the most drought‐intolerant genera in Podocarpaceae, possibly due to the high collapse risk of the ATT, and thus the new fossil species provides physiological evidence for the presence of an ever‐wet rainforest environment at Laguna del Hunco during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum.

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