Eukaryotic Origins: How and When Was the Mitochondrion Acquired?

Poole, Anthony M.; Gribaldo, Simonetta

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a015990

Cited by 83 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Previously, the best that could be achieved was to generate elegant, but ultimately highly speculative, models of eukaryogenesis. Resolving the order of transitions is challenging but remains one of the crucial questions concerning the steps of eukaryogenesis (Poole and Gribaldo, 2014). With the recent improvements in analysis of genomic data as well as the identification of novel microbial lineages, a more robust evidence-based scientific path can be forged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most exciting implication for the presence of orthologues for both membrane-trafficking machinery and cytoskeleton proteins in these archaeal lineages is that FECA might have already possessed the genetic potential to develop phagocytosis. The origin of this trait was a key step in eukaryogenesis (Koonin, 2015;Poole and Gribaldo, 2014).…”

Section: Towards Revealing the Prokaryotic Origins Of Eukaryotic Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changing view of eukaryogenesis – fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together

Dacks

Field

Buick

et al. 2016

Journal of Cell Science

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Eukaryogenesis -the emergence of eukaryotic cells -represents a pivotal evolutionary event. With a fundamentally more complex cellular plan compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotes are major contributors to most aspects of life on Earth. For decades, we have understood that eukaryotic origins lie within both the Archaea domain and α-Proteobacteria. However, it is much less clear when, and from which precise ancestors, eukaryotes originated, or the order of emergence of distinctive eukaryotic cellular features. Many competing models for eukaryogenesis have been proposed, but until recently, the absence of discriminatory data meant that a consensus was elusive. Recent advances in paleogeology, phylogenetics, cell biology and microbial diversity, particularly the discovery of the 'Candidatus Lokiarcheaota' phylum, are now providing new insights into these aspects of eukaryogenesis. The new data have allowed the time frame during which eukaryogenesis occurred to be finessed, a more precise identification of the contributing lineages and the biological features of the contributors to be clarified. Considerable advances have now been used to pinpoint the prokaryotic origins of key eukaryotic cellular processes, such as intracellular compartmentalisation, with major implications for models of eukaryogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards Revealing the Prokaryotic Origins Of Eukaryotic Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing view of eukaryogenesis – fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together

Dacks

Field

Buick

et al. 2016

Journal of Cell Science

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“…The last half-century of cellular and molecular evolutionary research has conclusively shown that mitochondria are descended from an a-proteobacterial endosymbiont that took up residence within a host cell prior to the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) [1]. However, the precise phylogenetic position of the mitochondrial lineage among a-proteobacteria [2,3], as well as the nature of the host lineage that engulfed it [4], remain active areas of debate and investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Stairs

Leger

Roger

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

130

172

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Eukaryotic origins: progress and challenges'. Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes ( protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.

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“…Because this process occurred in the eukaryotic stem group (for which all representatives are extinct), examining modern taxa remains uninformative in this context (figure 1). Several outstanding questions thus remain [6]; in particular, how and when were mitochondria acquired relative to the defining features of eukaryotes? To the extent that eukaryotic features can be considered sequelae to endosymbiosis, progress can be made in answering these questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict and cooperation in eukaryogenesis: implications for the timing of endosymbiosis and the evolution of sex

Radzvilavicius

Blackstone

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Roughly 1.5-2.0 Gya, the eukaryotic cell evolved from an endosymbiosis of an archaeal host and proteobacterial symbionts. The timing of this endosymbiosis relative to the evolution of eukaryotic features remains subject to considerable debate, yet the evolutionary process itself constrains the timing of these events. Endosymbiosis entailed levels-of-selection conflicts, and mechanisms of conflict mediation had to evolve for eukaryogenesis to proceed. The initial mechanisms of conflict mediation (e.g. signalling with calcium and soluble adenylyl cyclase, substrate carriers, adenine nucleotide translocase, uncouplers) led to metabolic homeostasis in the eukaryotic cell. Later mechanisms (e.g. mitochondrial gene loss) contributed to the chimeric eukaryotic genome. These integral features of eukaryotes were derived because of, and therefore subsequent to, endosymbiosis. Perhaps the greatest opportunity for conflict arose with the emergence of eukaryotic sex, involving whole-cell fusion. A simple model demonstrates that competition on the lower level severely hinders the evolution of sex. Cytoplasmic mixing, however, is beneficial for non-cooperative endosymbionts, which could have used their aerobic metabolism to manipulate the life history of the host. While early evolution of sex may have facilitated symbiont acquisition, sex would have also destabilized the subsequent endosymbiosis. More plausibly, the evolution of sex and the true nucleus concluded the transition.

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Eukaryotic Origins: How and When Was the Mitochondrion Acquired?

Cited by 83 publications

References 87 publications

The changing view of eukaryogenesis – fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together

The changing view of eukaryogenesis – fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Conflict and cooperation in eukaryogenesis: implications for the timing of endosymbiosis and the evolution of sex

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