Euglenoid flagellates: A multifaceted biotechnology platform

Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity evaluation of dried Euglena gracilis ATCC PTA-123017

“…suited to a variety of functional food and cosmetic applications (Kraj covi c et al, 2015). However, most of this work was done by growing Euglena sp.…”

“…As such, E. gracilis has been identified in a number of differing environments including vegetable and citrus waste-lagoons, raw sewage, water in tree holes, snow, bark of the honey locust tree, alkaline marshes, and in acid coal mine water (Buetow, 2011). Euglenozoa are classified taxonomically as members of the Protist kingdom and form paraphyletic supergroups that do not share evolutionarily lineages (Kraj covi c et al, 2015). Protists are unicellular organisms that share the photosynthetic features of plants and the biosynthetic pathways found in animals; Euglena sp.…”

“…Historically, E. gracilis has been the subject of extensive research for use in large scale production of a variety of nutrients of importance to human and animal nutrition including vitamins A, C, and E, carotenoids, essential amino acids as well as the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (Afiukwa and Ogbonna, 2007;Ogbonna et al, 1998Ogbonna et al, , 2002Kraj covi c et al, 2015). Most of this work has been carried out with Euglena sp.…”

“…Paramylon is an insoluble, non-digestible beta-glucan consisting of linear, high molecular weight beta-1,3-D-glucose polymers deposited in the cytoplasm as triple helical fibrils in a lamellar arrangement that produces highly crystalline discoid granules 1e11 mm in diameter (Monfils et al, 2011). Paramylon granules consist exclusively of glucose molecules linked in mostly beta-1,3 anomeric fashion, with trace amounts of other linkages present but none of beta-1,6-linkages that are characteristic of yeast-based beta-glucans (Kraj covi c et al, 2015).…”

Exploring the Glycans of <em>Euglena gracilis</em>

“…They have long been studied for both their fundamental biology and for their production of a range of high value products, including vitamins, amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids [1]. As they are easy to grow and have a large metabolic capacity, Euglena have been proposed as a platform for the production of proteins and high value metabolites of biotechnological interest [2] and for the synthesis of complex natural products [3].…”