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The article explores different and contested narrations surrounding alleged war crimes by former Australian soldiers in Afghanistan, with a particular focus on one veteran with considerable public standing, Ben Roberts-Smith. It shows how certain stories told to identify and condemn acts of extra-legal violence, work to separate these acts out as exceptional and different from wider violence in war, and thus support the normalization and justification of war violence more broadly. However, it also demonstrates how attention to the role of race and gender in shaping meaning-making around violence in war disrupts the idea that extra-legal violence is exceptional. It finally articulates a thematic reading of how allegations of war crimes are interpreted and rejected in discourses of support for Roberts-Smith expressed on Facebook. It shows how different constructions of extra-legal violence at different sites each contribute to the ways that meaning might be drawn from acts of violence into narrative formulations about liberal war and offer important insights into the political configurations surrounding war crimes and their relationship to national identity and liberal militarism. The article thus contributes conceptually and empirically to debates surrounding the politics of war crimes.
The article explores different and contested narrations surrounding alleged war crimes by former Australian soldiers in Afghanistan, with a particular focus on one veteran with considerable public standing, Ben Roberts-Smith. It shows how certain stories told to identify and condemn acts of extra-legal violence, work to separate these acts out as exceptional and different from wider violence in war, and thus support the normalization and justification of war violence more broadly. However, it also demonstrates how attention to the role of race and gender in shaping meaning-making around violence in war disrupts the idea that extra-legal violence is exceptional. It finally articulates a thematic reading of how allegations of war crimes are interpreted and rejected in discourses of support for Roberts-Smith expressed on Facebook. It shows how different constructions of extra-legal violence at different sites each contribute to the ways that meaning might be drawn from acts of violence into narrative formulations about liberal war and offer important insights into the political configurations surrounding war crimes and their relationship to national identity and liberal militarism. The article thus contributes conceptually and empirically to debates surrounding the politics of war crimes.
Readings of covert progression have expanded the study of rhetorical criticism but usually limit themselves to analyzing short stories. By analyzing Frank Miller’s 300, this article extends covert progression to comics, a medium in which language and images crucially interact. In addition, reading 300 for its covert progression also contributes to reassessing a work surrounded by controversies over its quality and ideological bias. The article first discusses the critical background of 300, assesses style—a basic element of covert progression—in comics, and introduces a tool of cultural-semantic analysis necessary to understand 300. The article then reads the overt plot and analyzes the narrator’s voice to assess distances between implied reader/author, narrator, and characters, which previous criticism has established. Next, the article analyzes the covert progression of the story by following the overt plot along the sequence curiosity ! suspense ! surprise and reinterpreting that sequence, analyzing images and combinations of images and language, with an emphasis on stylistic traits. The article closes by discussing the significance of covert progression for 300 and of extending covert progression to the reading of comics.
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