EU in the system of trade interests of USA

Abstract

Article is dedicated to the trade and economic links of USA and EU. The authors tried to find out key features and characteristics of these cooperation. The result of the investigation and the analysis is development of the term “economic anamorphosis”, the concept of which is the critical domination of the weight and share of limited list of partners in the system of bilateral cooperation, when one of the partners is regional economic integration, and the biggest share of trade, capital, human and other flows is attracted by these determined limited list of countries. Such situation can be estimated as disproportion of partner’s estimation and evaluation by each other. It means that economic integration is estimated not as the complex partner and subject of the global economy but with the using of deduction method.

Gas industry - a factor of international competitiveness

“…Second, global economy has indivisibly merged with global politics, resulting in new reality for entities operating internationally. Moreover, traditional integration blocs and units are not treated equally and consistently: different members receive unequal approach from U.S. government and economic agents (Konovalova, Ushanov, 2019). As a result, we are on the edge of new global economic order with states and enterprises being participants of economic relations without hardly any political or legal restriction on competitive tools.…”

Features of the American foreign direct investment: the role of the American holdings

“…Petrovskaja, V.B. Supyan, S.A. Ushanov (Aksenov, 2018;Arhangelskij, 2019;Volgina, 2015;Zimenkov, 2017;Kondratyeva, 2017;Konovalova, 2020;Petrovskaja, 2018;Supyan, 2019aSupyan, , 2019bUshanov, 2017;Ushanov, Fedjakina, 2019;Ushanov, Konovalova, 2019;Ushanov, Konovalova, Zarubin, 2020). The tax reform that has been implemented in USA in 2017 was investigated in the scientific works of V.S.…”

“…Despite the repatriation of the American FDI, up until 2017, there was a reorientation of the American FDI exports not to the real economy (industrial sector) and the service sector of the EU countries, but to their own holding companies registered in countries with attractive FDI regimes (Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, UK) (Supyan, 2019b;Ushanov, Konovalova, 2019;Konovalova, 2020).…”

“…According to the latest data released by the U.S. BEA, in 2018, "U.S. MNEsthe parent companies had assets worth $43,37 trln US doll., the cost of liabilities amounted to $32,08 trln US doll., equity capital amounted to $11,28 trln US doll., capital expenditures -$721,6 bln US doll., sales volume -$14,3 trln US doll., net profit -$1,4 trln US doll., added value -$4,2 trln US doll., expenses of the parent company on R&D -$323,1 bln US doll., wages -$2,3 trln US doll., the number of employees -25,5 mln people" (Ushanov, Konovalova, 2019).…”

“…are accounted for by "Financial and Insurance Services", while 22,16% of the total assets are accounted for by "Depository Institutions" (banking activities, 16,89% falls on "Financial services" (except for banking) and "Insurance services"; 20,58% (8,9 trln US doll.) falls on the "Manufacturing Industry" (5,01% -falls on the "Chemical Industry", of which 3,11% -"Pharmaceutical Industry"; 2,94% -"Manufacture of computers and electronics"; 3,37% -for "Production of transport equipment"), 4,46% -were the assets of "Wholesale trade", 2,59% -accounted for "Retail", "Information sector" accumulated 7,02% of the assets of the American parent companies, 6,86% falls on "Other activities" (Ushanov, Konovalova, 2019).…”