Etude telemetrique des rythmes centraux chez l'enfant

Covello, A.; Barros-Ferreira, M de; Lairy, G.C.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(75)90252-7

Cited by 41 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, the concept of "paradoxical alertness" is not adequate, the more so since the waking immobility rhythms have nothing in common with spindles or slow waves. Even human EEG studies, performed with scalp electrodes and hence with a very low spatial resolution, have long recognized that the occipital alpha rhythm and the central "mu" rhythm (the latter probably corresponding to the above described frontal rhythms, see Jasper & Penfield 1949;Gastaut et al 1967;Chatrian et al 1959; Kuhlman 1978;Covello et al 1975) correlate well with situations that are quite distinct from sleep. Nobody would seriously identify these alpha or mu "synchronized" activities with sleep patterns!…”

Section: Significance Of Localized Rhythmic Activities Occurring Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis

1981

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It is traditionally believed that cerebral activation (the presence of low voltage fast electrical activity in the neocortex and rhythmical slow activity in the hippocampus) is correlated with arousal, while deactivation (the presence of large amplitude irregular slow waves or spindles in both the neocortex and the hippocampus) is correlated with sleep or coma. However, since there are many exceptions, these generalizations have only limited validity. Activated patterns occur in normal sleep (active or paradoxical sleep) and during states of anesthesia and coma. Deactivated patterns occur, at times, during normal waking, or during behavior in awake animals treated with atropinic drugs. Also, the fact that patterns characteristic of sleep, arousal, and waking behavior continue in decorticate animals indicates that reticulo-cortical mechanisms are not essential for these aspects of behavior.These puzzles have been largely resolved by recent research indicating that there are two different kinds of input from the reticular activating system to the hippocampus and neocortex. One input is probably cholinergic; it may play a role in stimulus control of behavior. The second input is noncholinergic and appears to be related to motor activity; movement-related input to the neocortex may be dependent on a trace amine.Reticulo-cortical systems are not related to arousal in the traditional sense, but may play a role in the control of adaptive behavior by influencing the activity of the cerebral cortex, which in turn exerts control over subcortical circuits that co-ordinate muscle activity to produce behavior.

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Section: Significance Of Localized Rhythmic Activities Occurring Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis

1981

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“…Unlike posterior alpha, it is not strongly affected by changes in ambient light (Kuhlman 1978). A large body of work has since established that mu rhythm also desynchronizes in response to somatosensory stimulation (Pfurtscheller 1989; Salenius et al 1997), imagined movements (Wolpaw et al 2004; Pfurtscheller et al 2006), observed movement (Gaustaut and Bert 1954; Pineda et al 2000; Muthukumaraswamy et al 2004), and shifting spatial attention (Covello et al 1975; Jones et al 2010; Bauer et al 2012, Thorpe et al 2012). Though modulation of alpha rhythm by spatial attention has been well studied for many years (Foxe et al 1998; Worden et al 2000), the comparatively recent work examining its effects on mu has shown that modulation of both rhythms can occur simultaneously in anticipation of attended stimuli across multiple modalities, including vision and somatosensation (Bauer et al 2012), as well as audition (Thorpe et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral and source structural development of mu and alpha rhythms from infancy through adulthood

Thorpe

Cannon

Fox

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

116

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Objective To assess the developmental trajectory of spectral, topographic, and source structural properties of functional mu desynchronization (characterized during voluntary reaching/grasping movement), and investigate its spectral/topographic relation to spontaneous EEG in the developing alpha band. Methods Event related desynchronization (ERD) and power spectral density spectra/topography are analyzed in twelve month-old infants, four year-old children, and adults. Age-matched head models derived from structural MRI are used to obtain current density reconstructions of mu desynchronization across the cortical surface. Results Infant/child EEG contains spectral peaks evident in both the upper and lower developing alpha band, and spectral/topographic properties of functionally identified mu rhythm strongly reflect those of upper alpha in all subject groups. Source reconstructions show distributed frontoparietal patterns of cortical mu desynchronization concentrated in specific central and parietal regions which are consistent across age groups. Conclusions Peak frequencies of mu desynchronization and spontaneous alpha band EEG increase with age, and characteristic mu topography/source-structure is evident in development at least as early as twelve months. Significance Results provide evidence for a cortically distributed functional mu network, with spontaneous activity measurable in the upper alpha band throughout development.

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“…It rather seems in relation to the integration of information at somatosensory, somatosensitive and motor brain areas. It is possible that the appearance of the mu rhythm and the occurrence of abnormal graphoelements in temporal regions may be related to anxiety or emotional sensitivity in the cohort studied [6]. However, its coincidence with the appearance of abnormal graphoelements and the electrical slowness represents a clear sign of cortical irritability or instability [15], which could occur in the absence of epileptic phenomenon.…”

Section: Yes 42% 34%mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Following the description of mu rhythms in adults, they were subsequently identified in children [6] and animals [7], such as cats and monkeys. The degree and quality of attention on the one hand, and immobility on the other, seem to be the two main factors that provoke or maintain mu rhythms [6]. However, in all circumstances this mu rhythm is more visible in rolandic-parietal than in rolandicfrontal regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mu a Normal Rhythm?

Nombela

Nombela²

2013

Orthop Muscul Syst

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Although it was first described more than 50 years ago, the physiological significance and the potential pathological features of the mu rhythm still remains unclear. In an attempt to clarify certain aspects of this activity, we studied the presence of mu rhythm in 100 healthy subjects with no family history of neurological disease. A 15 minute long resting EEG register was obtained from each subject using a 32 channel Nihon Kodem electroencephalography device, and from these recordings we localized and quantified the mu and alpha rhythms. Kulman´s criteria were used to differentiate the baseline alpha rhythm from mu rhythm within occipital alpha rhythm. Further graphoelements of interest were observed, what leds us to studied the relationship between the mu rhythm and abnormal graphoelements in temporal regions. Our results indicated abnormal graphoelements in 48% of the healthy participants studied here. Neither the mu nor the rolandic alpha rhythms displayed any significant differences between male and females during the appearance of the abnormal graphoelements. However, there was a strong correlation between the appearance of a bilateral mu rhythm and abnormal graphoelements. Despite this temporal association between abnormal graphoelements and rolandic mu rhythm, there is no clear evidence to consider the latter as a pathological sign (no epileptic clinical history within the sample). Nevertheless, the mu rhythm is not necessarily a normal element and further studies will be necessary to clearly define the physiological significance of mu rhythms.

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Etude telemetrique des rythmes centraux chez l'enfant

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis

Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis

Spectral and source structural development of mu and alpha rhythms from infancy through adulthood

Is Mu a Normal Rhythm?

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