An anatomical analysis of the chicken trigeminal ganglion was made using light microscopy on specimens prepared by usual chemical fixation or freeze-drying methods and by electron microscopy. Two types of neurons were consistently seen, dark and light cells. Dark cells contained a dense cytoplasm with Nissl substance distributed evenly throughout, whereas light cells had a less dense cytoplasm containing clumps of Nissl substance. The Nissl bodies in light cells contained only a few small cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum as compared with many stacked cisternae in Nissl bodies of dark cells. The ratio of dark to light cells was approximately 62:38 in all regions of the ganglion. Dark cells were consistently smaller than light cells. In the seven-day old chick, the mean diameters of the dark and light neurons were