“…We think that it is fair to say that most psychiatrists in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and Western Europe, where decisions about extending involuntary hospitalization are in judicial or quasi-judicial hands, have reconciled themselves to the process. Indeed, many clinicians may have come to recognize advantages to a court-driven process, such as maintaining an alliance with the patient when someone else makes the discharge decision [ 11 ]. Perhaps surprisingly, studies have suggested that rather than strictly applying dangerousness standards to their release decisions, judges may actually follow more of a parens patriae approach, taking into account patients’ treatment needs, the availability of community-based services [ 12 ], and the impact on families of premature discharges [ 13 ].…”