Etiopathological and hematobiochemical profiles in goats with gastrointestinal disorders

Abstract

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in small ruminants limit production efficiency and productivity growth in the livestock sector, thereby directly preventing farmers from augmenting their income. This study aimed to provide detailed insight into the etiology, hematobiochemical parameters, and epidemiological risk factors of GI disorders in goats and to determine the pathology associated with the disorders. Materials and Methods: Over the period of 2018-2019, 500 goats in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, were screened for GI disorders based on clinical signs. Blood samples from the control (n=10) and treatment (n=25) groups were collected for both hematological and serum biochemical alterations. Fecal examinations (n=220) were conducted for parasitic, bacterial, and virological assessments. Detailed necropsy and histopathological evaluations were conducted on 27 goats. Results: The GI disorder prevalence rate and mortality rate among the 500 goats analyzed were 44.4% and 12.27%, respectively. Chi-square analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of GI disorders among the goats that were between 6 months and 1.5 years old (58.72%), were of the Ganjam breed (45.49%), had a poor body condition (71.11%), and were housed with an earthen floor (55.22%). The most common etiological risk factor observed was parasitic infection (65.45%), followed by bacterial (18.18%) and mixed infection (9.54%). Blood analysis showed neutrophilia and eosinophilia in infected goats, in addition to anemia; significant decreases in total protein, globulin, albumin, and glucose levels; and significant increases in aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase levels. The major histopathological findings were infiltration of mononuclear cells and desquamation of the intestinal and ruminal mucosa. Conclusion: Stakeholders should focus not only on parasitic infections and other important etiological risk factors for GI disorders in goats but also on proper farming management practices to help enhance the income of farmers. The hematobiochemical alterations and pathomorphological changes reported in this study can be used by field veterinarians as guidelines for clinical evaluation and disease severity assessment.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection: Clinical Presentation and Outcome

“…Some studies reported that there is a slight male predominance in MIS-C cases, 14 15 22 26 while others found slightly more female predisposition of MIS-C. 16 24 25 Our study did not find any gender predisposition which was similar to the other studies by Belhadjer et al, 27 Tiwari et al, 28 and Baradaran et al 29 Therefore, considering the data currently available, it cannot be opined that the probability of developing MIS-C is directly related with the sex of the patients. In our study, patients most frequently presented with persistent fever (100%), which is similar to findings in other studies about MIS-C. 15 23 30 31 32…”

“…In different studies, the median age ranges of MIS-C cases were between the age of 6 and 10 years which is comparable to our study with a median age of 8 years. 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26…”

“…In various studies, the use of systemic corticosteroids ranged from 65 to 95.65%. 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 36…”