Etiology, risk factors, and prognosis of patients with syncope: A single‐center analysis

Abstract

Objective To investigate the main causes, risk factors, and prognosis of patients hospitalized with syncope. Methods The patients admitted due to syncope were included. We analyzed the etiology, risk factors, and prognosis of patients with an average follow‐up of 15.3 months. Results High‐risk factors for cardiogenic syncope included age ≥60, male, hypertension, palpitation, troponin T‐positive, abnormal ECG, CHD history, and syncope‐related trauma. Mortality rate was 4.6%, recurrence rate of syncope was 10.5%, and the rehospitalization rate was 8.5%. Univariate analysis showed that prognosis of syncope was related to age ≥60 years old, hypertension, positive troponin T, abnormal electrocardiogram, and coronary heart disease (p < .05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that age ≥60 years old (p = .021) and high‐sensitivity troponin‐positive (p = .024) were strongly related to the prognosis of syncope. Kaplan–Meier curve showed statistical difference in the survival rate between the groups divided by age ≥60 years (p = .028), hs‐TnT‐positive (p < .001), abnormal ECG (p = .027), and history of CHD (p = .020). Conclusion High‐risk factors for cardiogenic syncope included age ≥60, male, hypertension, palpitation, troponin T‐positive, abnormal ECG, CHD family history, and syncope‐related trauma. Age, hypertension, troponin T‐positive, abnormal ECG, and CHD history were associated with the prognosis of syncope.

Syncope Secondary to Concomitant Ingestion of Tizanidine and Alcohol in a Patient With Alcohol Use Disorder

“…Cardiac causes of syncope can be diagnosed with EKG monitoring, video recording of suspected syncope, electrophysiological examination, endogenous adenosine assessment, echocardiography, exercise stress test and coronary angiography. An EEG and brain imaging can be used to rule out mimickers of syncope-like seizures and cerebrovascular accidents respectively [ 2 ]. However, a specific diagnosis is not obtained in about half of patients presenting with syncope [ 17 ].…”

“…It is characterized by sudden onset followed by rapid and usually complete recovery [ 1 ]. About 41% of individuals experience at least one syncopal episode during their lifetime [ 2 , 3 ]. Its prevalence increases with age and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the older population [ 4 ].…”

Diagnostic accuracy of high sensitivity troponin and association of electrocardiogram findings for mortality in syncope patients: A retrospective cohort study

“…[4] Determining the etiology is beneficial for both diagnosis and treatment, but this may not always be achieved. [5] Current syncope guidelines are designed to identify short-term, high-risk patients. There are deficiencies in the identification and stratification of patients with medium and long-term risks.…”