Etiology of Persistent Tubo‐Ovarian Abscess in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Objective To study the microbial etiology of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Methods We recruited 11 women in Nairobi, Kenya who failed antibiotic therapy alone and required surgical drainage of a presumptive TOA. Pus from the nine abscesses and two pyosalpinges were collected and cultured for aerobic, facultative and anaerobic microorganisms. Results Eleven women suspected of having a TOA were hospitalized and treated for a median of 6 days (range 3-14 days) prior to surgical drainage of the abscess. Nine (82%) specimens were culture positive. Aerobes were present in all nine specimens. Seven of the nine positive cultures (78%) were polymicrobial and five of the polymicrobial cultures contained both anaerobes and aerobes. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (Prevotella sp., Porphyromonas sp. and Bacteroides sp., Escherichia coli) and Streptococcus sp. (S. viridans and S. agalactiae) were the most common microorganisms isolated. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were not isolated by culture or detected by polymerase chain reaction. Conclusions In Kenya, persistent TOAs are associated with endogenous flora similar to that normally found in the gastrointestinal tract.

Microbiota and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

“…Interestingly, N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were not isolated by culture or PCR in any specimen. 91 Landers and Sweet 92 evaluated 232 patients with TOAs out of which 70% had unilateral TOA and 66 of 232 patients with TOAs were intrauterine device (IUD) users. The most common organisms isolated from TOAs were E. Coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus, Peptococcus, and aerobic streptococcus.…”

Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with tubo-ovarian abscess at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Taiwan

“…2 TOA is a well-recognized sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), accounting for more than 80% of unsuccessfully managed PID cases. The options for its treatment have been widely investigated, 3,4 and the effects of antibiotic therapy and surgery in patients with TOA have been studied. 1,5e8 Patients with PID with a complication of TOA usually respond to intravenous antibiotic therapy alone, and broad-spectrum antibiotics can yield a satisfactory prognosis without the need for surgery.…”

Presence of zoonotic black-pigmented periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats

“…The infection rates are between 4-25% in the case of cat's bite wounds (Rothe et al 2015;Dimcic et al 2020). It has also been reported that black-pigmented zoonotic agents can be detected from many local or sys-temic diseases in humans (Figure 1) (Cohen et al 2003;Gomes et al 2005;Hamada et al 2008;Wegner et al 2010;Fernandez-Canigia et al 2015;Venkataraman and Almas 2015;Gilpin et al 2017;Dominy et al 2019;Acuna-Amador and Barloy-Hubler 2020;Tett et al 2021;Nonaka et al 2022). This study aims to determine that zoonotic pathogens, such as P. gingivalis, P. gulae, and P. nigrescens, show the potential to cause many diseases in humans, in the oral microbiota of pet cats cared for at home, and in cats at large.…”