Etiology of malocclusion and dominant orthodontic problems in mixed dentition: A cross-sectional study in a group of Thai children aged 8–9 years

Abstract

Background: Etiology of malocclusion can be the cause of deviation in the skeleton, dental, and soft tissue development in children. Identifying etiology of malocclusion and dominant orthodontic problems as well as early detection could help in future effective treatment, management, and public health planning. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 202 children. Consensus process was carried out between experienced orthodontic experts in etiology of malocclusion, dominant orthodontic problems, type of early treatment, and malocclusion severity. Fisher’s exact test and descriptive statistics were used to explain the study results. Results: Etiology of malocclusion was detected in both congenital and acquired etiology (64.3%), followed by acquired etiology only (29.7%). The top three dominant orthodontic problems were caries (22.5%), early loss of primary tooth (15.6%), and tendency of crowding in permanent dentition (14.6%). Nearly all the children needed restoration (86.4%) and interceptive orthodontic treatment (69.3%), whereas severe malocclusion level was found in one-fourth of the children (26.0%). Statistical significance was found between type of early treatment and malocclusion severity ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Acquired etiology was very high. Caries and early loss of primary teeth were dominant orthodontic problems. An early treatment, especially preventive orthodontic treatment, was needed in almost all children. Malocclusion severity higher than moderate level was found in more than half of the children.

Influence of Vitamin D3 Deficiency on the Development of Malocclusions

“…In some cases, jawbone development is inhibited in all three dimensions, resulting in microgenia or micrognathia. Microgenia so-called "bird's pro le" often accompanies Pierre Robin syndrome [1].…”

“…The chin is set back, often accompanied by the elongation of the lower part of the face. It is a developmental defect that intensi es as a result of past rickets [1]. These defects signi cantly negatively affect both the functional and aesthetic aspects and require specialized multidisciplinary treatment.…”

“…The growth and development of jawbones are in uenced by various genetic and environmental factors, dysfunctions and parafunctions, such as thumb sucking and mouth breathing [1,2]. Insu cient or excessive growth of the craniofacial bone leads to skeletal and dental defects, which in turn result in the presence of malocclusions.…”

“…Insu cient or excessive growth of the craniofacial bone leads to skeletal and dental defects, which in turn result in the presence of malocclusions. According to the current classi cation Orlik-Grzybowska classi cation, malocclusion is assessed in the following planes: sagittal, frontal and horizontal [1] and divided into vertical, horizontal and transverse. Basically, there are skeletal, dental and mixed defects.…”

“…To date, all causes of malocclusion have not been fully explained. Moyers et al distinguish six categories of malocclusions: hereditary, developmental of unknown origin, trauma, physical factors, habits and diseases [1,3]. Karłowska, on the other hand, divides the causes of such abnormalities into general (heredity, endocrine disorders, systemic diseases, extrinsic factors, e.g.…”