Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Immunocompetent Children in Korea (1996-2005): A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the major etiological agents responsible for invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent Korean children. We retrospectively surveyed invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent children caused by eight major pediatric bacteria, namely Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella species that were diagnosed at 18 university hospitals from 1996 to 2005. A total of 768 cases were identified. S. agalactiae (48.1%) and S. aureus (37.2%) were the most common pathogens in infants younger than 3 months. S. agalactiae was a common cause of meningitis (73.0%), bacteremia without localization (34.0%), and arthritis (50%) in this age group. S. pneumoniae (45.3%) and H. influenzae (20.4%) were common in children aged 3 months to 5 yr. S. pneumoniae was a common cause of meningitis (41.6%), bacteremia without localization (40.0%), and bacteremic pneumonia (74.1%) in this age group. S. aureus (50.6%), Salmonella species (16.9%), and S. pneumoniae (16.3%) were common in older children. A significant decline in H. influenzae infections over the last 10 yr was noted. S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus are important pathogens responsible for invasive bacterial infections in Korean children.

Comparative Estimation of Coverage between National Immunization Program Vaccines and Non-NIP Vaccines in Korea

“…There has been recent recognition of pneumococcus as an important pathogen responsible for the invasive bacterial infection in Korean children (16). Among the pathogens isolated from invasive bacterial infections in children aged from three months to five years, pneumococcus has replaced H. influenzae as a major etiologic agent.…”

The Changing Epidemiology of Childhood Pneumococcal Disease in Korea

“…Of the 28 IPD cases, nearly half (46.4%) were infants aged between 2 and 12 months; 28.6% involved children aged between 1 and 4 years. Thereafter, a retrospective multi-center study was conducted to describe the invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent children caused by 8 major pathogens: S. pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Neisseria meningitidis , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pyogenes , Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella species from 1996 to 2005 (Table 1) [13]. Among 766 infections that occurred in children aged < 15 years, 179 (23.4%) were caused by pneumococci.…”

“…In Korea, the Hib vaccine has been used since the mid-1990s, and PCV7 has been used since the end of 2003. The proportion of H. influenzae among childhood invasive infections caused by the 8 pathogens listed above decreased from 20.1% in 1996-2000 to 4.5% in 2001-2005 [13]. A recent multi-center study that surveyed childhood invasive bacterial infections between 2006 and 2010 indicated that the proportion of H. influenzae was 2.4% [14].…”

“…In a multi-center study comprising 32 institutions in Korea between 1999 and 2004, of 80 bacterial isolates from 122 childhood empyema cases, 45 (36.9%) were identified as pneumococci [21]. In the 1996-2005 multi-center study, the proportion of pneumococci among childhood bacteremic pneumonia or pneumonia with empyema among children aged 3-23 and 24-59 months was 85.7% and 81.8%, respectively [13]. In the 2006-2010 multi-center study, 73 (84.9%) of 86 cases of bacteremic pneumonia or pneumonia with empyema in children aged 3-59 months were caused by S. pneumoniae [14].…”

Acute Bacterial Meningitis Caused byNeisseria cinerea

“…균성 뇌수막염의 원인균은 주로 Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis인 것으로 알려져 있다 [6][7][8][9]. 저자들은 기저질환이 없는 환자가 발열, 두통, 구토 및 의식저하를 주소로 내원하여 N. …”