Etiology of Hemoptysis in Children: A Single Institutional Series of 40 Cases

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the causes of hemoptysis in a pediatric age group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who were admitted to Samsung Medical Center between 1996 and 2008 with a chief complaint of hemoptysis. Patients with trauma or underlying bleeding tendency such as leukemia were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to age (0 to 5 yr, 6 to 10 yr, and 11 to 18 yr). The amount of hemoptysis was classified as mild (≤20 mL/day), moderate (20-100 mL/day), or massive (>100 mL/day). Causes and duration of hemoptysis, disease course, and mortality were also investigated.ResultsA total of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females) were identified. Their median age was 6.3 yr (range, 10 months to 18 yr). Twenty-five patients manifested mild hemoptysis; moderate and massive hemoptysis were found in nine and six patients, respectively. Respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of hemoptysis. Other causes included congenital heart disease, Heiner syndrome, neoplasm in the airway, vasculitis syndrome, and bronchiectasis. In most patients (87.5%), hemoptysis disappeared during medical treatment that included antibiotics or transfusion. Hemoptysis recurred in 12 patients, and the overall mortality rate was 5%.ConclusionsThe most common cause of hemoptysis in children was respiratory tract infection. Most cases had a benign course, but recurrence and mortality occurred in a minority of patients. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying etiology is essential for treatment.

The peri‐PCI enzyme rise: Speed bump or springboard to disaster?

“…Whether the tumor caused hemoptysis in our patient remains unclear. Hemoptysis, a common finding in children, is caused mostly by upper airway bleeding, infection, and foreign body aspiration 6. Although the differential diagnosis includes a non‐pulmonary origin, such as coagulopathy, this diagnosis received no support from our patient's medical history or coagulation study.…”

Hemoptysis in Children: Sometimes Petty Sometimes Scary

“…Çalışmamızda çocuklarda solunum yolu enfeksiyonları en sık (%18.8) hemoptizi nedeni olarak saptanmıştır. Daha önce çocuklarda yapılmış çalışmalarda da benzer olarak solunum yolu enfeksiyonları en sık neden olarak %25-40 oranında saptanmıştır (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

“…Daha önce yapılmış çalışmalarda çocuklarda hemoptizi nedenleri arasında %17.5-25 oranında bildirilmiştir (8,14). Düzeltici cerrahi uygulanan olgularda hemoptizi riskinin belirgin olarak azaldığı bildirilmiştir (13).…”

“…Düzeltici cerrahi uygulanan olgularda hemoptizi riskinin belirgin olarak azaldığı bildirilmiştir (13). Literatürde özellikle Fontan prosedürü uygulanan hipoplastik sol kalpli olgular ya da triküspit atrezisi olan çocuklarda yıllar sonra masif hemoptizi görüldüğü çeşitli olgu sunumların-da bildirilmiştir (8,(15)(16)(17). Çalışmamızda daha önce pulmoner stenoz nedeniyle konduit yerleştirilen bir olguda masif kanamaya neden olan pulmoner arter psödoanevrizması saptandı.…”

Hemoptisis en un niño con malformación arteriovenosa cervical y pulmonar. Caso clínico

“…2,3 Representan menos del 1% de los casos de hemoptisis en la infancia. 4 Son más frecuentes en varones (relación 1,5:1) y habitualmente son congénitas. 5 Su crecimiento es proporcional al del niño y no involucionan de manera espontánea.…”