Etiology of Diarrhea in Children Less Than Five Years of Age in Ifakara, Tanzania

Abstract

A total of 451 stool specimens were collected from children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea from Ifakara, Tanzania and processed to detect bacterial enteropathogens, parasites, and rotaviruses. These specimens were divided into 348 from the dry season and 103 from the rainy season. Overall, diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (35.7%) were the predominant enteropathogens, with enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, and enteropathogenic E. coli being the most prevalent. Moreover, enteroaggregative E. coli (63% versus 35.5%; P < 0.05), Shigella spp. (24% versus 12%; P < 0.05), and rotavirus (23% versus 4%; P < 0.05) were more prevalent in the dry season than in the rainy season and enterotoxigenic E. coli (51.6% versus 20%; P < 0.05) and Giardia lamblia (14% versus 1%; P < 0.05) were more prevalent in the rainy season.

Aetiology, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age hospitalized in a referral paediatric hospital in Rabat, Morocco

“…pathotype of E. coli isolated was neither EPEC nor ETEC, similar to previous studies (Mandomando et al, 2007;Vargas et al, 2004), but rather DAEC. Two E. coli isolates presenting mixed characteristics (mixed EAEC/DAEC pathotypes) were detected.…”

“…and Campylobacter spp. The role of EAEC as a relevant cause of paediatric diarrhoea has been described worldwide (Kotloff et al, 2013;Mandomando et al, 2007;Ochoa et al 2009;Vargas et al, 2004). Interestingly, the second most frequent diarrhoeagenic …”

“…A series of pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, may act as the aetiological cause of this illness (Mandomando et al, 2007;Vargas et al, 2004). Nonetheless, the aetiological agents of diarrhoea vary greatly depending on the geographical origin.…”

Molecular Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Libya

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] High isolation rates of DEC, particularly EAEC, among diarrheic children have been reported from some developing countries. Vargas and others 20 determined the distribution of enteropathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, causing diarrhea among children 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. They reported that DEC (35.7%) were the most isolated enteropathogens with predominance of EAEC (20.6%), ETEC (9.3%), and EPEC (5.3%).…”

Acute Gastroenteritis Agents Among 0–5 Years-Old Turkish Children

“…and Shigella spp. are the bacterial agents which are mostly isolated from stool samples of diarrheal patients, especially in rural areas from developing countries 6,7 . Additionally, Clostridium difficile, another bacterial diarrheal agent, is a big threat for children in both community and hospitals 8,9 .…”