Etiology of acute pancreatitis

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with a benign course in the majority of patients, but it is associated with serious morbidity, and mortality close to 20% in up to 20% of cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis seems to be rising in western countries. About 75% of all cases are caused by gallstones or alcoholism. The relative rate of gallstones versus alcohol as etiology depends on the age and the area of enrolment. A thorough evaluation allows cause identification in another 10% of cases, leaving about 15–20% as idiopathic. The most common causes, and a growing list of less frequent and sometimes very rare and controversial etiologies, are reviewed in this article. A classification on the pathogenic mechanisms of causes of acute pancreatitis based is used in this Review. The approach, or suggested plan of investigations, to determine the etiology of acute pancreatitis, based on the most recently published Guidelines is outlined.</jats:p>

Acute Pancreatitis as the Index Manifestation of Parathyroid Adenoma

“…The worldwide incidence of acute pancreatitis ranges from 5 to 80 per 100,000 population [ 3 ]. Gallstone disease and alcoholism are the most frequent etiologies accounting for about 40% and 35% of the cases, respectively [ 4 ]. Though a majority of patients fall under these groups, emphasis should be made to identify other infrequent causes of pancreatitis in patients without a history of alcohol intake or gallstones.…”

Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Polatuzumab-Vedotin-Piiq in Combination With Bendamustine and Rituximab for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

“…Other common causes of pancreatitis include gallstones, alcohol abuse, hypertriglyceridemia, medications, and trauma [1]. Alcohol, gallstones, and trauma were ruled out based on that patient's history.…”

“…Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that can lead to many sequalae including: sepsis, acute respiratory failure, and death [1]. Presentation involves epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.…”

“…Serum lipase is diagnostic and imaging can confirm pathological changes [2]. While several reports focus on common etiologies such as condition of the patient, exposure, and genetic predisposition, two causes of pancreatitis that are not very common are drug-induced and virus-induced [1]. However, some patients are at a unique predisposition for this, namely immunocompromised individuals undergoing chemotherapy as they are exposed to both toxic medication and frequently have recurrence of latent infections [3].…”

Hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis: An increasing cause of acute pancreatitis: A district hospital experience

“…It is important to determine the cause of the pancreatitis to deliver prompt management. The main causes of acute pancreatitis are excessive alcohol consumption and gallstones [1][2][3][4].…”