Etiology and Risk Factors Determining Poor Outcome of Severe Pneumonia in Under–Five Children

Jakhar, Suresh Kumar; Pandey, Mukul; Shah, Dheeraj; Ramachandran, V G; Saha, Rumpa; Gupta, Natasha; Gupta, Piyush

doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2514-y

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The high proportion of infants in our study highlights that infants are particularly vulnerable and prone to hospitalization due to severe pneumonia (Fancourt et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;Jakhar et al, 2018). There was no child known or suspected to be infected with HIV, which is consistent with the very low number of underfive year old children infected with HIV in Bhutan (UNAIDS, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pneumonia in children admitted to the national referral hospital in Bhutan: A prospective cohort study

Jullien¹,

Pradhan²,

Tashi³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study aim was to describe the etiological profile and clinical characteristics of pneumonia among children hospitalized in Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods: This prospective study enrolled children aged 2-59 months admitted to the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined clinical pneumonia. Demographic and clinico-radiological data were collected through questionnaires, physical examination, and chest radiography. Blood samples and nasopharyngeal washing were collected for microbiological analysis including culture and molecular methods. Results: From July 2017 to June 2018, 189 children were enrolled, of which 53.4% were infants. Pneumoniarelated admissions were less frequent over the winter. Chest radiographies were obtained in 149 children; endpoints included pneumonia in 39 cases (26.2%), other infiltrates in 31 (20.8%), and were normal in 79 children (53.0%). Non-contaminated bacterial growth was detected in 8/152 (5.3%) blood cultures, with only two cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Viral detection in upper respiratory secretions was common, with at least one virus detected in 103/115 (89.6%). The three most-commonly isolated viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (52/115; 45.2%), rhinovirus (42/115; 36.5%), and human parainfluenza virus (19/115; 16.5%). A third of patients with viral infections showed mixed infections. Case fatality rate was 3.2% (6/189). Conclusion: Respiratory viral infections predominated among this cohort of WHO-defined clinical pneumonia cases, whereas bacterial aetiologies were uncommon, highlighting the epidemiologic transition that Bhutan seems to have reached.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pneumonia in children admitted to the national referral hospital in Bhutan: A prospective cohort study

Jullien¹,

Pradhan²,

Tashi³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, more knowledge on the risk factors affecting the severity of pneumonia is required to reduce deaths from childhood pneumonia. Studies from low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have tried to identify the risk factors for severe pneumonia [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], but only a few studies from India have reported the risk factors for severe pneumonia [ 6 , 8 , 13 ]. More clinical studies from India are needed as the country alone contributes to 32% of the annual global burden of pediatric pneumonia [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia in Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Ujjain, India

Kasundriya

Dhaneria

Mathur

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Childhood pneumonia is a major public health problem. The aim of this prospective hospital-based study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for community-acquired severe pneumonia in children in Ujjain, India. The study includes 270 children, 161 (60%) boys and 109 (40%) girls, aged between 2 months and 5 years with World Health Organization defined and radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia. Considering the 270 children, 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.9–69.4) have severe pneumonia. The following are identified as risk factors for severe pneumonia from the generalized logistic regression model: Born premature (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.50; 95% CI 2.22–25.31; p = 0.001); history of measles (AOR 6.35; 95% CI 1.73–23.30; p = 0.005); incomplete vaccination (AOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.09–6.48; p = 0.031); acyanotic congenital heart disease (AOR 9.21; 95% CI 2.29–36.99; p = 0.002); home treatment tried (AOR 3.84; 95% CI 1.42–10.39; p = 0.008); living in a kuchha house (AOR 3.89; 95% CI 1.51–10.01; p = 0.027); overcrowding (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.75–11.51; p = 0.002);poor ventilation in living area (AOR 16.37; 95% CI 4.67–57.38; p < 0.001); and practicing open defecation (AOR 16.92; 95% CI 4.95–57.85; p < 0.001). Awareness of these risk factors can reduce mortality due to severe pneumonia.

show abstract

“…2 In children with HAP, the conditions were respiration rate >70 x/min, lethargy/unconsciousness, and positive blood culture. 30 It was feared that there were lack information in correlation between response to therapy and mortality, because generally response to therapy was observed simultaneously with mortality as the outcome. This study was the first to analyze risk factors for mortality in children with HAP in Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Mortality in Children with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

Nurhayati

Setyoningrum

Utariani

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) is a nosocomial pneumonia that brings negative impacts, such as prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. Previous studies often discussed about the risk factors of HAP mortality in adult patients rather than in children. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of mortality in children with HAP.Methods: This was a retrospective observational analytic study using cross sectional method with total sampling. A total of 73 children were enrolled in this study, consisted of inpatients at Pediatric Inpatient Room Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent variables were gender, age, onset of HAP, length of stay (LOS), comorbidities, birth weight, type of breastfeeding, the use of mechanical ventilation (MV), and response to therapy. Dependent variable was mortality. The data were collected from medical records, which later were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The mortality of children with HAP was 23.3%. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p = 0.009), the use of MV (p = 0.029), and response to therapy (p = 0.036) were proven to affect mortality in children with HAP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. In addition, the use of MV was the significant risk factor (p = 0.023) given by the multivariate analysis. Gender, onset of HAP, LOS, comorbidities, and type of breastfeeding were not proven to be the risk factors for mortality.Conclusion:Mortality in children with HAP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya was significantly affected by children’s age, the use of MV, and response to therapy. This information might be used as early signs and treatment strategies for children with HAP which lead to the decrease of hospital mortality.

show abstract

Etiology and Risk Factors Determining Poor Outcome of Severe Pneumonia in Under–Five Children

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Pneumonia in children admitted to the national referral hospital in Bhutan: A prospective cohort study

Pneumonia in children admitted to the national referral hospital in Bhutan: A prospective cohort study

Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia in Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Ujjain, India

Risk Factors for Mortality in Children with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About