Etiology and pathogenesis of mental disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis: anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, chemical addictions, pathological affect

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis, being a disabling disease, is associated with an increased risk of comorbid mental disorders among adult patients. This literature review is intended to reflect the general picture of MS comorbidity and the spectrum of anxiet y and psychotic disorders: prevalence, features of clinical manifestations, and risk factors of the occurrence of such syntropy. The volume of literature data on the given topic is limited by cross-sectional studies and individual clinical cases, while longitudinal studies that can predict the likelihood of occurrence, course, and outcome of the disease are limited.