Etiology and Incidence of Viral Acute Respiratory Infections Among Refugees Aged 5 Years and Older in Hagadera Camp, Dadaab, Kenya

Mohamed, Gedi A.; Ahmed, Jamal; Marano, Nina; Mohamed, Abdinoor; Moturi, Edna; Burton, Wagacha; Otieno, Samora; Fields, Barry S.; Kabugi, Willy; Musa, Hashim; Cookson, Susan T.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0141

Cited by 19 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Diagnostic accuracy of the WHO severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) criteria in the Middle East results for participants aged two months to four years found sensitivities of 84.3% and 89.6% [15,24]. The specificity of the criteria for detecting flu in our study (60.6%) also differs from what was found in the aforementioned studies (13.1%-29.5%).…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…If understanding the true burden of disease is desired, a higher sensitivity is important. While the SARI case definition was initially intended for flu surveillance, several studies have since used it for surveillance of other respiratory viruses [16][17][18][22][23][24]. Our study provides researchers and public health officials the data on diagnostic accuracy of the criteria for detecting ten different respiratory viruses and would caution SARI use for true RVI burden in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in Middle Eastern children under two years over three respiratory seasons

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveThe World Health Organization created the Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in 2011 to monitor influenza (flu)-related hospitalization. Many studies have since used the SARI case definition as inclusion criteria for surveillance studies. We sought to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SARI criteria for detecting ten different respiratory viruses in a Middle Eastern pediatric cohort. . Participants were recruited if they had a fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Nasal and throat swabs were obtained and tested by real-time RT-PCR for eleven viruses. Subjects meeting SARI criteria were determined post-hoc. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SARI case definition for detecting ten different viruses were calculated and results were stratified by age. ResultsOf the 3,175 patients enrolled, 3,164 were eligible for this study, with a median age of 3.5 months, 60.4% male, and 82% virus-positive (44% RSV and 3.8% flu). The sensitivity and PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232188 April 30, 2020 1 / 15 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Klink T, Rankin DA, Piya B, Spieker AJ, Faouri S, Shehabi A, et al. (2020) Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in Middle Eastern children under two years over three respiratory seasons. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0232188.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in Middle Eastern children under two years over three respiratory seasons

et al. 2020

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“…The inter‐rater agreement for study selection was high ( κ = 0.81). Finally, 66 full texts including 67 studies were included (one paper included two studies) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in people with acute respiratory tract infections in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kenmoe

Bigna

Well

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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AimThe epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection has not yet been systematically investigated in Africa. This systematic review and meta‐analysis are to estimate the prevalence of HRSV infections in people with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Africa.MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Africa Journal Online, and Global Index Medicus to identify observational studies published from January 1, 2000, to August 1, 2017. We used a random‐effects model to estimate the prevalence across studies. Heterogeneity (I 2) was assessed via the chi‐square test on Cochran's Q statistic. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017076352.ResultsA total of 67 studies (154 000 participants) were included. Sixty (90%), seven (10%), and no studies had low, moderate, and high risk of bias, respectively. The prevalence of HRSV infection varied widely (range 0.4%‐60.4%). The pooled prevalence was 14.6% (95% CI 13.0‐16.4, I 2 = 98.8%). The prevalence was higher in children (18.5%; 95% CI 15.8‐21.5) compared to adults (4.0%; 95% CI 2.2‐6.1) and in people with severe respiratory tract infections (17.9%; 95% CI 15.8‐20.1) compared to those with benign forms (9.4%; 95% CI 7.4‐11.5); P‐values <0.0001. The HRSV prevalence was not associated with sex, subregion in Africa, setting, altitude, latitude, longitude, and seasonality.ConclusionThis study suggests a high prevalence of HRSV in people with ARTI in Africa, particularly among children and people with severe clinical form. All innovative strategies to curb the burden should first focus on children which present the highest HRSV‐related burden.

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“…The four hazards had a direct impact on the communities around the Mount Bromo area. (Mohamed et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Acute Respiratory Infection Cases Before and After Exposure to Volcanic Ash

Tyas

Indawati

2019

JBE

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Background: Volcanic ash due to volcanic eruptions has an impact on health. Volcanic ash can cause health problems such as irritation and acute respiratory infections (ARI). Purpose: This study aims to know the outlook of ARI cases before and after exposure to volcanic ash. Methods: This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach that used secondary data from Kepohbaru Health Centre. The population of this study was ARI patients in Kepohbaru Health Centre in February 2013 and February 2014. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The analysis used is univariate analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that before exposure to volcanic ash, the majority of ARI cases were males (52.01%), age group 5–11 years (16.3%), and with no history of ARI (67, 85%). The majority of ARI patients after exposure to volcanic ash were female (53.67%), age group 5–11 years (15.5%), and with no history of ARI (58.37%). More cases of ARI occurred after rather than before exposure to volcanic ash. Conclusion: Before and after exposure, the most common cases of ARI were suffered by respondents in the age group 5–11 years who had no history of respiratory disease. The number of cases of ARI was higher after exposure to volcanic ash. ARI cases happened more on males before exposure, whereas after exposure, it happened more on females.

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Etiology and Incidence of Viral Acute Respiratory Infections Among Refugees Aged 5 Years and Older in Hagadera Camp, Dadaab, Kenya

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in Middle Eastern children under two years over three respiratory seasons

Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) criteria in Middle Eastern children under two years over three respiratory seasons

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in people with acute respiratory tract infections in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

An Overview of Acute Respiratory Infection Cases Before and After Exposure to Volcanic Ash

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