Etiology and dissemination of the blackhead disease syndrome in turkeys and chickens

Wm, Reid

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(67)90087-2

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Cecal involvement in the guinea fowl was sometimes severe enough to cause peritonitis; certainly the histomonads invaded cecal tissues deeply enough to gain access to the venules feeding into the hepatic portal system, by which they could have reached the liver ( 5 , 31). Reid (32) reviewed several reports which suggested to him that certain bacteria are required for the pathogenesis of histomoniasis in turkeys, and Springer et al (34) reported similar findings in chickens. H .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**

Chute

Lund

1972

The Journal of Protozoology

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SYNOPSIS Guinea fowl were inoculated rectally with Histomonas meleagridis to produce histomoniasis. The birds were infected readily by this unnatural route. Severe cecal involvement was frequent and long‐lasting but liver lesions and death were rare. Turkeys given the same inoculum had high levels of liver involvement and mortality. Guinea fowl responded much less severely to infection with H. meleagridis when infected by a natural route (ingestion of a vector) rather than by rectal inoculation. Thus, naturally acquired infections with H. meleagridis appear to be of small consequence in the guinea fowl.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**

Chute

Lund

1972

The Journal of Protozoology

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“…H late species parasitic in many galliform and some anseriform birds, has been recognized for over 75 years as the etiologic agent of infectious enterohepatitis, a disease most commonly affecting turkeys. Much information has been accumulated during the past decades on various aspects of its cultivation, infectivity, pathogenicity, methods of transmission, and immunology (for pertinent references, see 13,36,37,41). Surprisingly, however, few studies have been published to date on the structure and division of either the lumenor the tissue-dwelling phases of this important parasite.…”

Section: Istomonas Meleagridis (Smith) the Ameboflagel-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightmicroscopic Observations on Structure and Division of Histomonas meleagridis (Smith)*

Honigberg

Bennett

1971

The Journal of Protozoology

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SYNOPSIS. Culture forms and lumen‐dwelling phases of the ameboflagellate Histomonas meleagridis, which are structurally indistinguishable from each other, have a single flagellum. Their well‐developed pelta is connected to the anterior segment of the broad, spatulate axostylar capitulum, applied to the left‐ventral surface of the nearly spheroid or somewhat ellipsoid or ovoid nucleus. The capitulum narrows into a very slender axostylar trunk that tapers to a fine point and does not project beyond the body surface. The parabasal apparatus consists of a V‐shaped parabasal body and a large parabasal filament. A new flagellum appears early during division and soon approaches its full length. The 2 flagella persist thruout division and each becomes the locomotory organelle of a daughter histomonad. The arms of the parental parabasal body appear to separate, each going to 1 of the daughter mastigont systems; some parabasal material is lost early in division. The 2nd arm is regenerated in each daughter parabasal body. The large parabasal filament seems not to be retained in the parental mastigont system, and new filaments are seen at both poles before 2 daughter nuclei are formed. The old axostyle degenerates from the anterior toward the posterior end; at the same time lamellar primordia of the daughter pelta‐axostyle complexes appear in the separating mastigont systems that are connected by an extranuclear spindle during the entire division process. The structure and taxonomic status of H. meleagridis are discussed in the light of this and previous studies.

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“…Additional and more general aspects of the parasite and its biology can be found in recently published reviews (McDougald, 2005; Hess et al ., 2015). Furthermore, the reviews of Lund (1969) and Reid (1967) are highly recommended to obtain a detailed overview on the earlier literature and the debate about the aetiology of blackhead. The fact that hardly any research was carried out after those reviews were published until the twenty-first century makes them even more valuable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the difficulties of demonstrating an unambiguous host–pathogen interaction, it is not surprising that the true aetiology of blackhead remained under debate for a long time, due to the difficulties and inability of fulfilling Koch’s Postulates, despite the fact that numerous experimental studies were available indicating the importance of H. meleagridis as an etiological agent of histomonosis. However, in 1967 – following half a century of intense research – Reid (1967) summarised all possible theories and highlighted the importance of improved laboratory methods to confirm the true aetiology of noticed lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Heß

2017

British Poultry Science

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ABSTRACT1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies.2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs.3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs).4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host–pathogen interaction.

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Etiology and dissemination of the blackhead disease syndrome in turkeys and chickens

Cited by 34 publications

References 94 publications

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**

Lightmicroscopic Observations on Structure and Division of Histomonas meleagridis (Smith)*

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

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Etiology and dissemination of the blackhead disease syndrome in turkeys and chickens

Cited by 34 publications

References 94 publications

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, Numida meleagris*

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, Numida meleagris*

Lightmicroscopic Observations on Structure and Division of Histomonas meleagridis (Smith)*

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**

Experimental Histomoniasis in the Guinea Fowl, *Numida meleagris**