Etiology and Antimicrobial Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis

Hamory, Bruce H.; Sande, Merle A.; Sydnor, Austin; Seale, Daniel L.; Gwaltney, Jack M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/139.2.197

Cited by 204 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Acute otitis media is the most frequently occurring complication of influenza, and it develops in 40% of children younger than 3 years of age (16). Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of both community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media (6,14) and is the bacterial pathogen most commonly associated with secondary infections following influenza (13,15,22). Although targeting the pneumococcus with a heptavalent conjugate vaccine has been very successful in reducing invasive disease (1), the impact on otitis media has not been as satisfactory (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Sinusitis has classically been considered to be a bacterial disease in adults and children, with pneumococcus as one of the leading etiologic agents (12). However, recovery of viruses from sinus aspirates both alone and in conjunction with bacteria suggests a role for viruses in the pathogenesis of bacterial sinusitis (8,13). Definitive studies on both the clinical and research levels need to be done.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Sinusitis and Otitis Media following Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets

Peltola¹,

Boyd

McAuley³

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia. Many of these infections result from antecedent influenza virus infections. In this study we sought to determine whether the frequency and character of secondary pneumococcal infections differed depending on the strain of influenza virus that preceded bacterial challenge. In young ferrets infected with influenza virus and then challenged with pneumococcus, influenza viruses of any subtype increased bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx. Nine out of 10 ferrets infected with H3N2 subtype influenza A viruses developed either sinusitis or otitis media, while only 1 out of 11 ferrets infected with either an H1N1 influenza A virus or an influenza B virus did so. These data may partially explain why bacterial complication rates are higher during seasons when H3N2 viruses predominate. This animal model will be useful for further study of the mechanisms that underlie viral-bacterial synergism.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Sinusitis and Otitis Media following Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets

Peltola¹,

Boyd

McAuley³

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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“…Fluoroquinolones have been used in the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis, chronic otitis media and malignant external otitis. Haemophilus ir!fluenz ae, S pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the principle pathogens in acute sinusitis (4,5) (Table 1). The role of antibiotics in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis has been questioned.…”

Section: Upper Airway Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Role of Quinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections

Grossman

1998

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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New role of quinolones in respiratory tract infectionsRonald F Grossman MD FRCPC FACP FCCP RF Grossman. New role of quinolones in respiratory tract infections. Can J Infect Dis I 998;9(Suppl E):35E-40E.Because of limited activity of the standard quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against some clinically imponanr organisms includingStreptococrns pneumoniae and methicillin-resistantStap/rylococcus aureus, new quinolones have been developed. In addition to their improved activity againstS pnewnoniae, some also demonstrate excellent anaerobic activity. None of the quinolones have a role to play in the treatment of paediatric infections. Quinolones (both older and newer agents) have demonstrated equ iva lent efficacy to standard antimicrobials in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Several groups have suggested that quinolones are excellent agents in the treatment of high risk patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. These patients include the elderly, and those with frequent exacerbations, significant co morbid conditions. long duration of chron ic bronchitis and major impairment of lung function. There is no evidence to suggest that the newer quinolones wi ll differ from the currently available agents for th is disease. The major advantage of the newer quinolones appears to be in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia where pneumococcal infection is a real concern. A new parenteral quinolone with pneumococcal activi ty may replace the standard macrolide/cephalosporin comb ination that is com monly prescribed. For patients with nosocomial pneumonia, the newer agents are alternative choices, especially among patients with ea rly onset pneumonia (less than five days of hospitalization), but are unlikely to replace ciprofloxacin in the intensive care unit setting because of poor Pseudomonas aeniginosa coverage. Key Words: Anaerobic activity, Nosocomial pneumonia, QuinolonesLe nouveau role des quinolones dan s les infections respiratoires RESUME: Compte tenu de l'activite limitee des quinolones classiques, comme la ciprofloxacine et l'ofloxacine, contre certa ins organ ismes pathogenes cliniquement import.ants, dont Streptococcus pneumoni(/1 et les souches de Staphylococcus aureus methicillino-resistantes, de nouvelles quinolones one ete mises au point. En plus d'une activite accrue con ere s. pneumoni(l1, certaines manifestent egalement une excellence activite contre les anaerobies. Aucune des quinolones ne joue un role dans le traitemenl des infections pediatriques. Les quinolones, rant anciennes que nouvelles, ont fait preuve d'une efficacite eq uivalence a celle des antimicrobiens ordinaires dans le traitement de la sinusite aigue. Selon plusieurs groupes, les quinolones sont d'excellents agents chez les patients a haut risque souffrantd·exacerbation aigue de bronchite chroniq ue. Ces patients sont les gens ages, ceux dont les exacerbations sont frequentes, ceux qui presentent des comorb idites significatives, ceux dont la bronchite chronique dure depuis longtemps et qu...

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“…However, the symptoms and signs of this entity are nonspecific and do not correlate well with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the maxillary antra. Roentgenograms of the sinuses are helpful diagnostically and correlate with the results of sinus aspiration (4,8) but are expensive to obtain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ampicillin is often used for this purpose, with proven efficacy in studies with sinus aspirate cultures (1,6,8) if the duration of therapy exceeds 7 days. Amoxicillin has in vitro activity similar to that of ampicillin but produces peak concentrations in serum two-to threefold higher and is associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects, chiefly diarrhea and rash.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cyclacillin and amoxicillin for therapy for acute maxillary sinusitis

Scheld¹,

Sydnor²,

Farr³

et al. 1986

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Cyclacillin, a new aminoalicyclic semisynthetic penicillin, was compared with amoxicillin for the therapy of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in 80 patients (ages, 12 to 70 years) in a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Direct sinus aspirations for quantitative culture were done for all patients before and after 10 days of therapy. Both drugs were administered at a dosage of 500 mg orally three times daily. Among culture-positive patients, clinical cure was achieved in 23 of 26 patients and 25 of 27 patients treated with cyclacillin and amoxicillin, respectively, for an overall cure rate of 91%. Bacteriologic failure occurred in 9% (4 of 44 patients); 3 of the 4 failures were in the cyclacillin group. There was no correlation between clinical or bacteriologic cure and the results of sinus transillumination (clear, dark) at follow-up. Initial direct sinus aspirates were positive in 57 of 80 cases (70%): 25 (44%) of these were the result of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 23 (40%) were the result of Haemophilus influenzae. All of these isolates were susceptible (MIC, '0.5 ,ug/ml) to both study drugs; no ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was recovered. On day 10 of therapy, mean concentrations of both drugs in serum were 2.5 to 2.7 ,ug/ml, but no antibiotic was detectable in 20 of 21 simultaneous sinus aspirates. Adverse effects (rash, diarrhea) were infrequent and similar in both groups. Cyclacillin appears equivalent to amoxicillin in the therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis.

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Etiology and Antimicrobial Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis

Cited by 204 publications

References 12 publications

Bacterial Sinusitis and Otitis Media following Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets

Bacterial Sinusitis and Otitis Media following Influenza Virus Infection in Ferrets

New Role of Quinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections

Comparison of cyclacillin and amoxicillin for therapy for acute maxillary sinusitis

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