Etiologies of Rash and Fever Illnesses in Campinas, Brazil

Moraes, José Cássio de; Toscano, Cristiana M.; Barros, Eliana Nogueira Castro de; Kemp, Brigina; Lievano, Fabio; Jacobson, Steven; Afonso, Ana Maria Sardinha; Strebel, Peter M.; Cairns, K. Lisa

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir490

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Between 2009 and 2011, 80 to 99% of all suspected cases were negative for measles- and rubella-specific IgM antibodies. Similar rates were reported from other countries in the final stages of disease elimination [4] , [5] , [7] – [9] . Most suspected cases were reported among the 3–6 and 20–29 year-olds, possibly reflecting more contacts with different agents in nursery schools for the former, and more and closer contacts with small children in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Etiology of Maculopapular Rash in Measles and Rubella Suspected Patients from Belarus

et al. 2014

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As a result of successful implementation of the measles/rubella elimination program, the etiology of more and more double negative cases remains elusive. The present study determined the role of different viruses as causative agents in measles or rubella suspected cases in Belarus. A total of 856 sera sent to the WHO National Laboratory between 2009 and 2011 were tested for specific IgM antibodies to measles virus (MV), rubella virus (RV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19V). The negatives were further investigated for antibodies to enterovirus (EV) and adenovirus (AdV). Children of up to 3 years were tested for IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6). A viral etiology was identified in 451 (52.7%) cases, with 6.1% of the samples being positive for MV; 2.6% for RV; 26.2% for B19V; 9.7% for EV; 4.6% for AdV; and 3.6% for HHV6. Almost all measles and rubella cases occurred during limited outbreaks in 2011 and nearly all patients were at least 15 years old. B19V, EV and AdV infections were prevalent both in children and adults and were found throughout the 3 years. B19V occurred mainly in 3–10 years old children and 20–29 years old adults. EV infection was most common in children up to 6 years of age and AdV was confirmed mainly in 3–6 years old children. HHV6 infection was mostly detected in 6–11 months old infants. Laboratory investigation of measles/rubella suspected cases also for B19V, EV, AdV and HHV6 allows diagnosing more than half of all cases, thus strengthening rash/fever disease surveillance in Belarus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Etiology of Maculopapular Rash in Measles and Rubella Suspected Patients from Belarus

et al. 2014

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“…RFI s are common in humans of all ages . For example, most infants under 2 years of age develop exanthem subitum .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, various enteroviruses may be associated with non‐typical RFIs . Thus, many viruses are associated with RFIs . However, many patients with RFIs do not show the typical symptoms associated with certain diagnoses; thus, confirmation of pathogens may be important .…”

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confidence: 99%

A method for detecting rash and fever illness‐associated viruses using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Matsushima¹,

Shimizu²,

Doi

et al. 2017

Microbiology and Immunology

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In this study, a new multiplex RT-PCR method for detecting various viral genes in patients with rash and fever illnesses (RFIs) was constructed. New primer sets were designed for detection of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and 2), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The newly designed and previously reported primer sets were used to detect 13 types of RFI-associated viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assay systems. Moreover, to eliminate non-specific PCR products, a double-stranded specific DNase was used to digest double-stranded DNA derived from the templates in clinical specimens. RFI-associated viruses were detected in 77.0% of the patients (97/126 cases) by the presented method, multiple viruses being identified in 27.8% of the described cases (35/126 cases). Detected viruses and clinical diagnoses were compatible in 32.5% of the patients (41/126 cases). Sensitivity limits for these viruses were estimated to be 10 -10 copies/assay. Furthermore, non-specific PCR products were eliminated by a double-stranded specific DNase with no influence on sensitivity. These results suggest that this method can detect various RFI-associated viruses in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity.

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“…Using serology, HHV-6 was the most common cause in a prospective study of rash and febrile illness amongst patients less than 40 years of age presenting to clinics or hospitals [41]. It typically occurs in early childhood and presents with a febrile illness followed by rose-pink macules and papules on the neck, proximal extremities, trunk and occasionally on the face.…”

Section: Human Herpesvirus-6 and Human Herpesvirus-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral exanthems

Keighley

Saunderson

Kok

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Etiologies of Rash and Fever Illnesses in Campinas, Brazil

Abstract: Stimulating a passive surveillance system enhanced its sensitivity and resulted in additional rubella cases detected. In settings with rubella elimination goals, rubella testing may be considered for all cases of febrile-rash illness, regardless of suspected clinical diagnosis.

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Etiology of Maculopapular Rash in Measles and Rubella Suspected Patients from Belarus

Etiology of Maculopapular Rash in Measles and Rubella Suspected Patients from Belarus

A method for detecting rash and fever illness‐associated viruses using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Viral exanthems

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