Etiologies of proptosis: a review

Topilow, Nicole; Tran, Ann Q; Koo, Eubee B; Alabiad, Chrisfouad R.

doi:10.18103/imr.v6i3.852

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…TED is the most common cause of endocrine and autoimmune proptosis in adults and children. 16,17 It leads to slowly progressive development of eye signs, including proptosis. The common causes of proptosis in adults are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Causes Of Proptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common causes of proptosis in adults are given in Table 2. 12,13,15,16,18 The differential diagnosis for proptosis in the paediatric age group is given in Table 3. 19,20…”

Section: Causes Of Proptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also occurs in orbital haemorrhage, malignant tumours of the lacrimal gland or invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and metastatic lesions. 5,16 Epistaxis/nasal obstruction should also be investigated. In cases of rhinological aetiology of proptosis, there can be symptoms like recurrent epistaxis or nasal obstruction.…”

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma is a common cause of proptosis in young adults. 15,16 It can be associated with haemorrhage, orbital emphysema or intra-orbital foreign bodies.…”

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A history of change in the severity of proptosis with posture is seen in conditions such as orbital varix and carotid-cavernous fistulas. 16,24 The change could also be associated with fractures of the roof of the orbit. However, in that situation, the proptosis may be too subtle to be noted by the patient or attendants.…”

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Proptosis: A Primer

Ahmad¹,

Anwar²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Causes Of Proptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common causes of proptosis in adults are given in Table 2. 12,13,15,16,18 The differential diagnosis for proptosis in the paediatric age group is given in Table 3. 19,20…”

Section: Causes Of Proptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma is a common cause of proptosis in young adults. 15,16 It can be associated with haemorrhage, orbital emphysema or intra-orbital foreign bodies.…”

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of a Patient With Proptosis Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Proptosis: A Primer

Ahmad¹,

Anwar²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion

Popov,

Fierz,

Bockisch

et al. 2023

JAMA Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceThe current clinical criterion standard for measuring abnormal eyeball protrusion is still the historic Hertel exophthalmometer, which is prone to reading errors. Therefore, a smartphone application has been developed to measure exophthalmos.ObjectiveTo evaluate a relatively simple noninvasive measurement method for exophthalmos using a smartphone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study compared smartphone exophthalmometry with the existing reference standard, the Hertel exophthalmometer, or a professional high-resolution 3-dimensional scanner. Participants were patients with exophthalmos due to Graves orbitopathy and other intraorbital conditions and healthy volunteers who were recruited between June 2019 and January 2022 from the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich.InterventionsAll participants were examined twice by 3 different operators using 3 different methods (smartphone, high-resolution scanner, or Hertel exophthalmometer) at an interval of a minimum of 2 weeks or after exophthalmos-changing treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresAccuracy and precision, test-retest reliability, and interoperator reliability of eyeball protrusion measurements obtained with the smartphone compared to the Hertel exophthalmometer and the high-resolution face scanner.ResultsOf 39 participants, 23 patients (median [IQR] age, 54 [44-59] years; 15 [65%] female and 8 [35%] male) showed a mean difference in eyeball protrusion of 3.3 mm and 16 healthy volunteers (median [IQR] age, 32 [30-37] years; 11 [69%] female and 5 [31%] male) of 0.8 mm without any significant difference between the 3 methods. Accuracy and precision agreement between exophthalmos measures with the smartphone and the Hertel exophthalmometer showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83-0.97) for the high-resolution scanner. Interoperator agreement was highest for the high-resolution scanner (ICC, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-0.99]), followed by the smartphone (ICC, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92-0.97]) and the Hertel exophthalmometer (ICC, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95]). Test retest reliability was similarly high for the smartphone (ICC, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82-0.95]), the Hertel exophthalmometer (ICC, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83-0.96]), and the high-resolution scanner (ICC, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study demonstrate relatively high accuracy and precision, interoperator reliability, and test-retest reliability for smartphone exophthalmometry. These data support the use of a smartphone in place of a Hertel exophthalmometer for measuring exophthalmos in the future.

show abstract

Older Woman With Proptosis, Ptosis, and Blurred Vision

Gibbons,

Eberhart,

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A woman in her early 70s with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and colon polyps presented to oculoplastic surgery with 1 week of progressive right-sided proptosis, headache, right eyelid ptosis, and blurry vision. Outside magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an infiltrative mass involving right greater than left orbital apices, the right optic nerve, and right extraocular muscles. What would you do next?

show abstract

Etiologies of proptosis: a review

Cited by 31 publications

References 90 publications

Evaluation of Proptosis: A Primer

Evaluation of Proptosis: A Primer

Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion

Older Woman With Proptosis, Ptosis, and Blurred Vision

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About