Etiologies and Predictors of Diagnosis in Nonresponsive Celiac Disease

Low incidence but poor prognosis of complicated coeliac disease: A retrospective multicentre study

“…It has been known for some time that the risk of complications in patients with CD is linked to a series of factors such as age at diagnosis of CD, the diagnostic delay of CD, the strictness of the gluten-free diet, the clinical form of CD and the homozygosity for DQ2 [2,18,[23][24][25][26]. Our results confirmed a strong correlation between age at diagnosis of CD and the risk of developing a complicated form of CD.…”

“…3 does in fact show that the risk of developing complications increases logarithmically with the increase in age. On the other hand, we could not confirm the recently shown correlation between sex and risk of developing CCD [18]. The retrospective and multicentre nature of this study, carried out over a period of almost 13 years, did not allow us to study a correlation with other parameters such as the strictness of gluten-free diet, the clinical form of CD and the homozygosity for DQ2.…”

“…Although it has been known for many years that the increased mortality in CD is due to its feared complications [23], the literature reports very few epidemiological data on these complications [8,[15][16][17][18][19]. This lack of data can undoubtedly be attributed both to the significant selection biases in these series of patients and to the difficulties caused by the lack of uniform diagnostic criteria for the various forms of CCD [15,16].…”

“…The first papers on the molecular diagnosis of complicated CD (CCD) were published more than 10 years ago [14], and since then several papers were published on this subject [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Despite these achievements, the literature still provides only minor and insufficient indications on the incidence of these conditions in patients with CD [8,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Despite these achievements, the literature still provides only minor and insufficient indications on the incidence of these conditions in patients with CD [8,[15][16][17][18][19]. The reason for this lack of data can probably be attributed to the fact that most patients with CCD are sent to large referral centres.…”