Etiological Agents of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Abstract

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases and has a high financial burden on society. The occurrence of urinary tract infection acquired by the population is higher in young women, almost half of all women will have at least one UTI episode during their lifetime, and about 1 in 3 women will have at least one UTI episode at the age of 24 years. Urinary tract infection increases with age for both sexes. It is estimated that 10 percent of men and 20 percent of women over 65 years of age have bacterial symptoms. Worldwide, Community-associated UTI (CAUTI) prevalence is 0.7% and the main risk factors are age, sexual activity, history of urinary tract infection, and diabetes. UTI is caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, where more than 95 % of UTI cases are caused by bacteria. Gram-negative organisms, primarily from the Enterobacteriaceae family, are responsible for UTI. It includes Escherichia coli (74.20 %), Enterococcus spp (5.30 %), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1.40 %) Pseudomonas spp. (3.20 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.20 %), and Proteus mirabilis (2.00 %) are among the bacteria that cause UTIs, with other bacteria accounting for 8.70 % .The aim of this review is to provide a summary and critical evaluation of the published evidence about the etiological agents of urinary tract infection.