Etiologic diagnosis of jaw osteonecrosis, other than bisphosphonate and radiotherapy related osteonecrosis

Mandibular Osteonecrosis due to the Pulpal-Periodontal Syndrome: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Diferencijalna dijagnoza uključuje limfome, sarkome, kronični osteomijelitis, uporabu kokaina, neutropenične ulceracije, lokalne traume nakon stomatološkog zahvata, ozljede koje je izazvao sam pacijent i topikalnu uporabu adstrigensa (19).…”

“…Differential diagnosis might include: lymphomas, sarcoma, chronic osteomyelitis, cocaine abuse, neutropenic ulcerations, local trauma from dental treatment, self-inflicted lesions, topical use of adstrigent solutions (19).…”

Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996–2014)

“…A condition that resembles this has been anecdotally reported in dogs ( 5 – 7 ). The definitive diagnosis of ONJ is based on historical, clinical, diagnostic imaging, and histopathological findings ( 3 , 8 ). Apart from exposed necrotic bone, possible clinical signs of ONJ include pain, presence of a draining tract, swelling, and lymphadenopathy.…”

“…The most frequently identified inciting or risk factors reported in humans are the administration of certain systemic medications (e.g., bisphosphonates, denosumab, steroids), osteomyelitis due to odontogenic infection, oral surgery (e.g., extractions, orthognathic surgery, etc. ), and radiation therapy to the head and neck ( 1 , 3 , 8 , 13 , 14 ). Other possible inciting causes include neoplasia, direct chemical toxicity (e.g., formocresol), and systemic toxicity (e.g., exposure to industrial phosphorus and radium) ( 1 , 3 , 9 ).…”

“…), and radiation therapy to the head and neck ( 1 , 3 , 8 , 13 , 14 ). Other possible inciting causes include neoplasia, direct chemical toxicity (e.g., formocresol), and systemic toxicity (e.g., exposure to industrial phosphorus and radium) ( 1 , 3 , 9 ). Underlying factors are usually identified based on historical, clinical, diagnostic imaging, and histopathological findings; cases in which an inciting cause cannot be established are regarded as idiopathic ( 8 ).…”