Etiologia e Manejo das Doenças da Pupunheira no Brasil

Abstract

Resumo -A maioria dos problemas fitossanitários em pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes. var. gasipaes) é de ocorrência restrita a alguns plantios. Porém, com a expansão das áreas plantadas, a pressão das doenças aumenta, tanto nos viveiros de produção de mudas quanto em áreas de plantio comercial, potencializando o nível de danos causados pelas doenças. A antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) é a enfermidade mais importante das pupunheiras no território brasileiro, mas outros patógenos como Phytophthora palmivora e Fusarium spp. vêm também ocorrendo em viveiros e em plantios. Outro problema que deve ser motivo de preocupação é a baixa qualidade sanitária das sementes utilizadas. Nesta revisão, são relatados os mais importantes resultados obtidos nas pesquisas fitopatológicas sobre a cultura, assim como os aspectos culturais mais relevantes. Discute-se a etiologia e as perspectivas para o manejo das principais doenças da pupunheira, com base em dados obtidos no Brasil e nos demais países onde a espécie é plantada. Termos para indexação: Pupunha, doenças, pragas, manejo integrado, Bactris gasipaes.Abstract -The majority of phytosanitary problems in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) are still restricted to some plantations. However, with the expansion of planted areas, the damages caused by diseases has increased in nurseries as well as in plantations. The anthracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) is the most important disease of peach palm in Brazil, but other pathogens (Phytophthora palmivora, Fusarium spp.) also occur in nurseries and peach palm plantations. Other phytosanitary problem is the low quality of the seeds of peach palm. Results from phytopathological studies on this plant are reported in this review including some management aspects. The etiology and management of the major diseases are discussed based on data obtained from Brazil and other countries where this forest species is planted.

Understanding the Technical-Scientific Gaps of Underutilized Tropical Species: The Case of Bactris gasipaes Kunth

“…Moreover, Fusarium sp. is related to systemic yellowing, wilting, and death in plants [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. In addition, infection by the bacteria Pantoea stewartii , associated with Fusarium sp., is also related to leaf necrosis.…”

“…In general, the management of humidity, water, and heat in order to reduce plantation density, along with the application of copper or boron solutions, are recommended for disease control. The use of insecticides or other biocides can be an alternative but may not assure the control of contamination and contribute to increasing microorganism resistance [ 70 ]. Good nutrition and association with symbiotic microorganisms could reinforce the peach palm’s resistance to these diseases and pests [ 37 , 38 , 40 , 70 ], however, more studies on the peach palm that focus on biological control are still needed.…”

Control of leaf anthracnose of peach palm with fungicides: a valid strategy for seedling nurseries, but not for young plantations

“…In addition, peach palm is the only commercial source of palm heart that does not darken due to oxidation, allowing its commercialization for fresh consumption in different types of cuts Penteado et al, 2014). The increase in the planted area of peach palm has been accompanied by an increase in damage caused by diseases, not only in field but also in seedling nurseries; the diseases included: anthracnose (Santos et al, 2011;Mafacioli et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2001), fusariosis (Jarek et al, 2018) and stipe basal rot (Lopes et al, 2019). In fields and in seedling nurseries, anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)…”

“…Anthracnose occurs in all Brazilian regions that plant peach palm (Alves & Batista, 1983;Pizzinato et al, 1996;Poltronieri et al, 1999;Santos et al, 2011;Mafacioli et al, 2009). Anthracnose affects the leaves of the peach palm, characterized by rounded and depressed lesions that can affect all the leaves of the crown (Figure 1 B-C), reducing the photosynthetically active leaf area, impairs growth and the formation of the heart of palm in the apical region of the plants.…”

“…Anthracnose affects the leaves of the peach palm, characterized by rounded and depressed lesions that can affect all the leaves of the crown (Figure 1 B-C), reducing the photosynthetically active leaf area, impairs growth and the formation of the heart of palm in the apical region of the plants. It is known from field observations, that anthrac-nose causes high losses in the nursery and that the disease continues to occur after out planting in the field Mafacioli et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2001), including fruit production (Vida et al, 2006). Because peach palm has only more recently been cultivated, there is a lack of information for efficient management of anthracnose.…”