Ethylglucuronide as a potential marker for alcohol‐induced elevation of urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratios

Grosse, Joachim; Anielski, Patricia; Sachs, Hans; Thieme, Detlef

doi:10.1002/dta.110

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the study follow-up, some of the subjects described difficulty in administering the intranasal gel, stating that on occasion they did not feel as if the testosterone was being absorbed properly. A box-and-whiskers plot showing the Δδ [13] C values of urine samples collected post-administration, in the 0-24 and 24-48min windows combined. If immediately following administration the subject experienced rhinorrhoea or a sneezing episode, it is unlikely that sufficient absorption of the testosterone would occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal delivery of Natesto® testosterone gel and its effects on doping markers

Miller

Nair²,

Morrison³

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The laboratory profile of intranasal testosterone gel has not been previously reported from an anti-doping perspective. Because intranasal testosterone gel is newly available as a commercial product, we sought to examine the laboratory parameters following administration of this formulation, with particular attention to anti-doping guidelines. Five healthy and active male subjects were administered testosterone intranasal gel three times daily for four weeks, using a pattern of five consecutive days on, two days off. Urine was collected after each five-day round of drug administration and analyzed using a full steroid screen and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Windows of detection for elevated testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) and other steroid ratios, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) athlete biological passport (ABP) findings, and IRMS results were analyzed in this study. In the 0-24 h window post-administration, 70% of samples were flagged with a suspicious steroid profile and 85% were flagged as atypical passport findings according to the WADA ABP steroid module. In the 24-48 h window, 0% of samples displayed suspicious steroid profiles while 40% resulted in atypical passport findings. IRMS testing confirmed the presence of exogenous testosterone in 90% and 40% of samples in the 0-24 h and 24-48 h windows post-administration, respectively. Additionally, IRMS data were analyzed to determine commonalities in the population changes in δ C values of testosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, 5αAdiol, and 5βAdiol. Though no discernible metabolic trend of the route of administration was identified, we discovered that intranasal gel testosterone is detectable using conventional anti-doping tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal delivery of Natesto® testosterone gel and its effects on doping markers

Miller

Nair²,

Morrison³

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The main observed effects of ethanol on steroid profile are the decrease in androsterone and etiocholanolone concentrations up to 10% of the basal levels and less significant increase in T excretion resulting in a slight rise of T/E ratio 105 106. Urinary steroid concentrations in women are more sensitive to these modifications caused by ethanol consumption,103 107 and obviously the dose and the frequency of alcohol abuse are key factors that determine the amplitude of alterations in metabolism.…”

Section: Abp and The Steroidal Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding factors and genetic polymorphism in the evaluation of individual steroid profiling

2014

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In the fight against doping, steroid profiling is a powerful tool to detect drug misuse with endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids. To establish sensitive and reliable models, the factors influencing profiling should be recognised. We performed an extensive literature review of the multiple factors that could influence the quantitative levels and ratios of endogenous steroids in urine matrix. For a comprehensive and scientific evaluation of the urinary steroid profile, it is necessary to define the target analytes as well as testosterone metabolism. The two main confounding factors, that is, endogenous and exogenous factors, are detailed to show the complex process of quantifying the steroid profile within WADA-accredited laboratories. Technical aspects are also discussed as they could have a significant impact on the steroid profile, and thus the steroid module of the athlete biological passport (ABP). The different factors impacting the major components of the steroid profile must be understood to ensure scientifically sound interpretation through the Bayesian model of the ABP. Not only should the statistical data be considered but also the experts in the field must be consulted for successful implementation of the steroidal module.

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“…[27,28] Some modifications were made to improve the method characteristics related to selectivity, sensitivity, and precision. [27,28] Some modifications were made to improve the method characteristics related to selectivity, sensitivity, and precision.…”

Section: Urinary Steroid Profile Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant increase of salivary testosterone levels after single therapeutic transdermal administration of testosterone: suitability as a potential screening parameter in doping control

Thieme¹,

Rautenberg²,

Grosse³

et al. 2013

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The legally defensible proof of the abuse of endogenous steroids in sports is currently based on carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), i.e. a comparison between (13)C/(12)C ratios of diagnostic precursors and metabolites of testosterone. The application of this technique requires a chromatographic baseline separation of respective steroids prior to IRMS detection and hence laborious sample pre-processing of the urinary steroid extracts including clean up by solid-phase extraction and/or liquid chromatography. Consequently, an efficient pre-selection of suspicious control urine samples is essential for appropriate follow up confirmation by IRMS and effective doping control. Two single transdermal administration studies of testosterone (50 mg Testogel® and Testopatch® at 3.8 mg in 16 h, respectively) were conducted and resulting profiles of salivary testosterone and urinary steroid profiles and corresponding carbon isotope ratios were determined. Conventional doping control markers (testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, threshold concentrations of androsterone, etiocholanolone, or androstanediols) did not approach or exceed critical thresholds. In contrast to these moderate variations, the testosterone concentration in oral fluid increased from basal values (30-142 pg/mg) to peak concentrations above 1000 pg/mg. It is likely that this significant increase in oral fluid is due to a pulsatile elevation of free (protein unbound) circulating testosterone after transdermal administration and may be assumed to represent a more diagnostic marker for transdermal testosterone administration.

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Ethylglucuronide as a potential marker for alcohol‐induced elevation of urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratios

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Intranasal delivery of Natesto® testosterone gel and its effects on doping markers

Intranasal delivery of Natesto® testosterone gel and its effects on doping markers

Confounding factors and genetic polymorphism in the evaluation of individual steroid profiling

Significant increase of salivary testosterone levels after single therapeutic transdermal administration of testosterone: suitability as a potential screening parameter in doping control

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