Ethylene Signaling under Stressful Environments: Analyzing Collaborative Knowledge

Abstract

Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth hormone that regulates various plant developmental processes, ranging from seed germination to senescence. The mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signaling involve multistep mechanisms representing different control levels to regulate its production and response. Ethylene is an established phytohormone that displays various signaling processes under environmental stress in plants. Such environmental stresses trigger ethylene biosynthesis/action, which influences the growth and development of plants and opens new windows for future crop improvement. This review summarizes the current understanding of how environmental stress influences plants’ ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and response. The review focuses on (a) ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in plants, (b) the influence of environmental stress on ethylene biosynthesis, (c) regulation of ethylene signaling for stress acclimation, (d) potential mechanisms underlying the ethylene-mediated stress tolerance in plants, and (e) summarizing ethylene formation under stress and its mechanism of action.

Changes in Polyphenolic Compounds of Hutai No. 8 Grapes during Low-Temperature Storage and Their Shelf-Life Prediction by Identifying Biomarkers

“…When polyphenols participate in scavenging these free radicals, they will be consumed. 51 This may be due to structural differences resulting in phenolic compounds and flavonoids exhibiting higher antioxidant activity than other phenolic compounds. 52 A study evaluated the antioxidant activity of four grape varieties.…”

“…Environmental stress will lead to a large number of reactive oxygen species and free radicals in fruits. When polyphenols participate in scavenging these free radicals, they will be consumed . This may be due to structural differences resulting in phenolic compounds and flavonoids exhibiting higher antioxidant activity than other phenolic compounds .…”

Palliating Salt Stress in Mustard through Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Regulation of Secondary Metabolites, Osmolytes, Antioxidative Enzymes and Stress Ethylene

“…Moreover, when ethylene is reduced to an optimum level, it enhances growth through an increased antioxidative metabolism. In fact, ethylene level is a controlling factor for growth promotion or inhibition depending on concentration [ 123 ].…”

Enhanced legume growth and adaptation to degraded estuarine soils using Pseudomonas sp. nodule endophytes

“…Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the amount of nitrogen accumulated in shoots among inoculation conditions, except in plants inoculated with the consortium that showed the highest levels of nitrogen with significant differences. ACC deaminase activity present in Pseudomonas could have facilitated the reduction of the stress levels in the the plants by reducing ethylene ( Singh et al, 2022 ), which in excess causes defoliation, senescence and inhibit cell elongation, among other effects ( Fatma et al, 2022 ). In that way, ACC deaminase favors germination, nodulation, and the development of plants ( Singh et al, 2022 ).…”