Ethylene production by Botrytis cinerea

Qadir, Altaf; Hewett, E.W.; Long, Philip M.

doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(97)00016-1

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The mechanism used by the fungus to synthesize ethylene is not known. There is limited information available about ethylene production by B. cinerea; the possible role of fungus-produced ethylene in B. cinerea has been debated over the years (4,14,23,24,31), and controversial conclusions concerning the role of ethylene in spore germination and mycelium growth have been described. Recently, it has been reported that ethylene is a primary marker for fruit pathogenesis, and several other infection-related plant products have also been studied as early markers of pathogenesis (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethylene Production byBotrytis cinereaIn Vitro and in Tomatoes

Cristescu

Martinis

Hekkert

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

167

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A laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. Ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of B. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. We found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive inhibitors of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway, did not inhibit the ethylene emission by B. cinerea and that the fungus most likely produces ethylene via the 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid pathway. B. cinerea is able to produce ethylene in vitro, and the emission of ethylene follows the pattern that is associated with hyphal growth rather than the germination of conidia. Ethylene production in vitro depended on the L-methionine concentration added to the plating medium. Higher values and higher emission rates were observed when the concentration of conidia was increased. Compared with the ethylene released by the fungus, the infection-related ethylene produced by two tomato cultivars (cultivars Money Maker and Daniela) followed a similar pattern, but the levels of emission were 100-fold higher. The time evolution of enhanced ethylene production by the infected tomatoes and the cytological observations indicate that ethylene emission by the tomato-fungus system is not triggered by the ethylene produced by B. cinerea, although it is strongly synchronized with the growth rate of the fungus inside the tomato.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Production byBotrytis cinereaIn Vitro and in Tomatoes

Cristescu

Martinis

Hekkert

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

167

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“…Maximal IAA, GA and ethylene production by F. culmorum strains was observed in 96-h cultures, when the sources of carbon and nitrogen in the culture (results not shown) were largely depleted. A gradual increase in ethylene concentrations up to 96 h of incubation and a subsequent decrease in its production had also been observed in many fungal cultures, such as Aspergillus terreus (Akhtar et al 2005), Botrytis cinerea (Qadir et al 1997;, Colletotrichum musae (Daundasekera et al 2003), Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma rustuliniforme (Graham & Linderman 1980). The tested F. culmorum strains were capable of producing IAA without the addition of tryptophan (data not shown), but at levels that were at least 10 times lower than in tryptophan-supplemented media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Graham & Lindermannn (1980) did not detect ethylene in fungal cultures without methionine supplementation, but they found correlations between ethylene synthesis and the concentration of methionine added to the medium in a range from 2.5 to 10 mM. In most studies (Graham & Linderman 1980;Akhtar et al 2005), methionine was used at concentrations of 5-10 mM, but sometimes higher concentrations were also used (e.g., 35 mM in the culture of Colletotrichum musae) (Qadir et al 1997(Qadir et al , 2011Daundasekera et al 2003). None of the F. culmorum strains tested was capable of producing ethylene without the addition of methionine (data not shown), and its optimal concentration for ethylene synthesis by these strains was 6.6 mM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid and ethylene synthesized in vitro by Fusarium culmorum strains with different effects on cereal growth

2014

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Three different Fusarium culmorum strains having a pathogenic, a deleterious (deleterious rhizosphere microorganism), or a promoting (plant growth promoting fungus) effect on plant growth were studied for their ability to synthesize in vitro the phytohormones indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and ethylene. All the phytohormones tested were synthesized in cultures supplemented with wide concentration ranges of glucose and tryptophan or methionine (precursors of phytohormone synthesis). The amounts of these secondary metabolites synthesized by the particular strains were found to be significantly different. The non-pathogenic PGPF strain (DEMFc2) synthesized the highest amounts of IAA and GA, a fact that could be responsible for the growth-promoting properties of this strain. A pathogenic strain synthesized the highest amount of ethylene, which could be responsible for the negative effect of this strain on plant growth. F. culmorum isolates with a high capacity for IAA synthesis also have a high capacity for GA synthesis and irrespective of the growth conditions, a high positive correlation (R > 0.9) between the concentrations of synthesized IAA and GA in F. culmorum cultures was found. It is worth mentioning that the optimal conditions for the growth of F. culmorum isolates and the synthesis of the individual phytohormones differed from one another. The optimal growth conditions were 1.0% of glucose and 9.9 mM of methionine or 6.0 mM of tryptophan. The optimal conditions for ethylene synthesis were 0.5% of glucose and 6.6 mM of methionine, whereas 1.0% of glucose and 9.0 mM of tryptophan were optimal for IAA and GA synthesis.

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“…QADIR et al (1997) show that B. cinerea demonstrates the capacity to produce ethylene in the presence of methionine. It is not known if the biosynthesis of ethylene in B. cinerea proceeds through the ACC (YANG, HOFFMAN 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ethylene production in apple infected by Gleosporium album Ostrw. at cold storage

Goliáš¹,

Němcová²,

Mýlová³

2006

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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ABSTRACT:In ten cultivars of apple fruit, ethylene production expressed in µl/kg/h was determined. The cultivar Resista exhibited a higher ethylene production and can be differentiated from other cultivars. The production ranged from 4.2 ± 0.58 µl/kg/h in the case of Meteor cv. up to 131.6 ± 5.5 µl/kg/h in Resista cv. Infected fruit of Topaz cv. had a lower ethylene production at cold storage temperature (3°C) than some healthy fruit. All examined cultivars can be divided into three clusters. Discriminant analysis and canonical correlation analysis of the examined apple fruit led to the determination of healthy and infected fruit. Values of ethylene production were analyzed on intact fruit by using headspace gas analysis by CGC with thermal desorption technique. Carbosieve G was chosen as the adsorbent material for the traps due to its relatively high affinity for light hydrocarbons such as ethylene. For a full trap of ethylene in the enrichment column the sufficient amount of percolating gas is about 0.3 l.Keywords: Gleosporium rot; apple fruit; ethylene production; headspace gas analysis; cultivars sumers' demand for healthy food products that are free of synthetic chemical residues with resulting improvements in the production and distribution systems (SYLVANDER 1993).However, as organic fruits are not treated with chemical fungicides, they suffer from relatively high rates of decay that develops during the storage and shelf life. There has been an increasing interest in the use of pre-storage heat treatments to control the insect pests, to prevent the fungal decay and to modify the ripening of commodities (LURIE 1998). Gleosporium rot, the most dangerous post-harvest disease of organic apples can lead to over 50% loss during storage. The first appearance of Gleosporium disease can be observed after a few months of cold storage or at the latest when the apples are moved out of the storage room and in market. The reduction of Gleosporium rot under 10% after a storage time (five to six months) could be achieved with a hot water treatment (TRIERWEILER et al. 2003). Alternatives to chemical control, when used alone, are generally less effective than fungicides (LEVERENTZ et al. 2000).Too many bacteria and fungi have the ability to produce gaseous compounds belonging to ethylene and other gaseous metabolites. QADIR et al. (1997) show that B. cinerea demonstrates the capacity to produce ethylene in the presence of methionine. It is not known if the biosynthesis of ethylene in B. cinerea proceeds through the ACC (YANG, HOFFMAN 1984). The volatile profile of M. albus-colonized grain showed that 2-methyl-1-butanol and isobutyric acid were the major volatile compounds found in the headspace, which could be an attractive biological fumigant for controlling post-harvest diseases (MERCIER, JIMÉNEZ 2004).The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the influence of exposure to obvious ethylene concentration during a long-term storage at low temperature on the development of postharvest Gleosporium rot. On selected cultiva...

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Ethylene production by Botrytis cinerea

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Ethylene Production byBotrytis cinereaIn Vitro and in Tomatoes

Ethylene Production byBotrytis cinereaIn Vitro and in Tomatoes

Efficiency of indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid and ethylene synthesized in vitro by Fusarium culmorum strains with different effects on cereal growth

Ethylene production in apple infected by Gleosporium album Ostrw. at cold storage

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