Ethylene produced by the lichen <i>Cladina stellaris</i> exposed to sulphur and heavy‐metal‐containing solutions under acidic conditions

Kauppi, M.; Kauppi, Anneli; Garty, Jacob

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00214.x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The stress detected in the lichen is probably irreversible. The direct correlation of ethylene production and the Ba, Cu and Zn content of the lichen is comparable with findings of previous studies showing that both Cu and Zn increase the production of ethylene significantly in R. lacera at a low pH under laboratory conditions Garty 1991, Garty et al 1995a) and in Cladina stellaris (Kauppi et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…According to Schieleit (1996), the ethylene‐producing activity exists in axenic cultures of the mycobiont as well as in the photobiont and is obviously a metabolic product of the lichen thallus ( Schieleit and Ott 1996, 1997). Certain lichens produce elevated amounts of ethylene upon exposure to chemicals, especially FeCl 2 , under laboratory conditions ( Lurie and Garty 1991; Garty et al 1995a,b; Kauppi et al 1998). In the present work, an attempt was made to evaluate fluctuations in the production of ethylene, indicative of environmental stress, by transplanted lichens in biomonitoring sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of five physiological parameters to assess the vitality of the lichen Ramalina lacera exposed to air pollution

Garty

Weissman

Tamir

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

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To determine the environmental impact of industrial activity, we examined and compared the following parameters of physiological integrity in the epiphytic fruticose lichen Ramalina lacera. (1) Potential quantum yield of PSII expressed as the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm. (2) Spectral reflectance expressed as values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). (3) Production of ethylene. (4) Electrolyte leakage brought about by degrading cell membranes in terms of electric conductivity. (5) The ratio A435nm/A415nm indicating the disintegration of chlorophyll. The amounts of Ba, Cu, K, Ni, S, V and Zn contained in the lichen thallus were measured to quantify the degree of pollution. Some of the lichen‐carrying twigs collected at a relatively unpolluted control site were resuspended on the original trees as controls. Other lichens were transplanted to 19 biomonitoring sites. Transplanted lichens in polluted sites contained higher amounts of Ba, Ni, S, V and Zn than lichens in the control site and in most of the rural sites upon an exposure period of 8 months. Statistical analysis revealed negative correlations between Fv/Fm ratios and Ba contents of transplants. High Ba, Cu, Ni and Zn contents correlated negatively with NDVI values. NDVI values correlated with A435nm/A415nm, Fv/Fm and K. The ratio A435nm/A415nm correlated positively with K and negatively with Ba, Cu and Zn. The production of ethylene correlated positively with Cu and Ba and negatively with A435nm/A415nm, Fv/Fm and NDVI. Electric conductivity values correlated positively with Ba, Cu, Na, S, V and Zn and negatively with NDVI. Both elemental content and physiological alterations in transplants of R. lacera point to a high degree of contamination in the Haifa Bay region, which is polluted by fuel‐oil combustion apart from other industrial activities. The present work suggests that in our specific study area, the most sensitive parameter to assess the vitality of the lichen thallus is electric conductivity whereas ethylene production is less sensitive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of five physiological parameters to assess the vitality of the lichen Ramalina lacera exposed to air pollution

Garty

Weissman

Tamir

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…At pH 2.0 the application of Fe 3π or Fe 2π combined with Clstimulated the release of ethylene by this lichen over and above the combination of Fe 3π and NO 3 or Fe 2π and SO 4 2- (Garty et al 1995). These results point to a synergistic effect of Fe 3π , Fe 2π and Cl - Controlled experiments revealed a high ethylene production in podetia of Cladonia stellaris exposed to FeCl 2 , relative to controls (Kauppi et al 1998). Field experiments showed that transplants of R. lacera produced high levels of ethylene in a Pb-contaminated road intersection relative to controls in a clean air site (Epstein et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These results point to a synergistic effect of Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ and Cl – ions. Controlled experiments revealed a high ethylene production in podetia of Cladonia stellaris exposed to FeCl 2 , relative to controls (Kauppi et al. 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring air pollution with the desert lichen Ramalina maciformis

Garty

Levin

Cohen

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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To investigate the environmental impact of anthropogenic activity in the Negev Desert, we monitored the following in order to determine the physiological integrity of the epilithic fruticose lichen Ramalina maciformis: (1) production of ethylene; (2) potential quantum yield of photosystem II expressed as chlorophyll fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm; and (3) electrolyte leakage of cell membranes in terms of electric conductivity. The degree of pollution was assessed by measuring the amounts of B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr and Zn in the lichen thallus. Some of the lichen-carrying stones collected in the relatively unpolluted control site were relocated on the same hill, to test the possible impact of relocation. An additional amount of lichen-carrying stones was marked as controls. The greater part of the lichen-carrying stones was transferred to 10 biomonitoring sites in and around Ramat Hovav, an industrial area in the Negev Desert, Israel. Transplanted lichen in polluted sites contained higher amounts of mineral elements than lichens in the control site after an exposure period of 7 months. Statistical analysis revealed positive correlation of ethylene production and Ni content, negative correlation of Fv/Fm ratios and B, Cu, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn, and positive correlation of electric conductivity and B, Mn, Ni and Sr. Both elemental content and physiological alterations in transferred samples of R. maciformis point to a high degree of contamination in Ramat Hovav. The present study suggests that the lichen R. maciformis should be classified as a sensitive species endangered by anthropogenic activity in the desert. Furthermore, this lichen species is likely to be suitable as a bioindicator of pollution in other parts of the Negev Desert. Ethylene production and electric conductivity as parameters of lichen-vitality, indicated stress in 5 of the 12 biomonitoring sites (42%) and may therefore be considered as more sensitive than the Fv/Fm ratio, which indicated stress in 3 of the 12 sites (25%).

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“…Estudos que avaliam a acumulação de elementos aerotransportados direcionados a líquens a partir de uma fonte de poluição específica também são comuns [9][10][11][12] . Há também estudos focalizados na retenção, localização, liberação, tolerância e toxicidade de diferentes elementos [13][14][15][16] . A morfologia do líquen influencia na taxa de acumulação dos elementos provenientes da atmosfera 17 .…”

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Avaliação da concentração de alguns íons metálicos em diferentes espécies de líquens do cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense

2007

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, Mn, Co, Cr, Zn and Cu were determinated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry in nine lichen species of the Sul-Mato-Grossense cerrado. The average metal ion concentrations varied in the following ranges: Fe, 248.41-1568.01; Mn, 98.50-397.33; Co, 10.08-24.81; Cr, 18.24-44.26; Zn, 14.62-34.79 and Cu, 3.23-7.57 mg kg -1 . Statistical analysis (Pearson and Cluster) applied to the metal ion concentrations indicated that the accumulation of these ions can be due to several anthropogenic sources including agricultural activities, mineral exploration, biomass burning, soil mineral composition and leather tanning processes by chromium.Keywords: lichens; heavy metals; multivariate statistics. INTRODUÇÃOLíquens são estruturas resultantes da simbiose entre um fungo e uma ou mais algas ou cianobactérias 1 . São encontrados nos mais variados ambientes desde o nível do mar até as montanhas mais altas, em desertos onde a temperatura é bastante variável e em regiões polares, com temperaturas extremamente baixas, porém, são relativamente raros em matas com baixa luminosidade 2 . Desenvolvem-se sobre os mais variados substratos, tais como, córtex de árvores, rochas ácidas ou alcalinas, folhas e outros. O desenvolvimento dos líquens sobre um dado substrato pode depender das características físicas, como rugosidade, porosidade, dureza, exposição à luz, pH, presença de partículas no ar, umidade, ventos e temperatura 3 . Os líquens dependem da nutrição mineral para seu crescimento e metabolismo, fornecida pela deposição de elementos por vias seca e úmida na forma de sais solúveis e partículas. Os espaços intercelulares do talo do líquen podem acumular e reter espécies químicas adsorvidas a partículas ou ligadas a sítios de troca iônica. Muitos elementos são acumulados em concentrações que excedem as necessidades metabólicas do líquen 4 . A maior parte das espécies de líquens apresenta crescimento lento e mantém uniformidade morfológica durante o ciclo de vida; sendo que muitas espécies têm ampla distribuição geográfica. Devido a isso os líquens são úteis como biomonitores em estudos de deposição atmosférica 5 . O biomonitoramento pode ser definido como um método experimental indireto de se verificar a existência de poluentes em uma dada região, utilizando-se de organismos vivos que respondem ao estresse causado pela poluição, apresentando modificações nos ciclos vitais ou acumulando os elementos poluentes 6-8 . Estudos que avaliam a acumulação de elementos aerotransportados direcionados a líquens a partir de uma fonte de poluição específica também são comuns [9][10][11][12] . Há também estudos focalizados na retenção, localização, liberação, tolerância e toxicidade de diferentes elementos [13][14][15][16] . A morfologia do líquen influencia na taxa de acumulação dos elementos provenientes da atmosfera 17 . Os líquens aqui estudados são de talos foliosos e fruticosos, que são bem distintos quanto à forma de crescimento. Líquens foliosos são dorsiventrais e possuem talos com superfície bem definida e são presos ao substrato em t...

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Ethylene produced by the lichen Cladina stellaris exposed to sulphur and heavy‐metal‐containing solutions under acidic conditions

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison of five physiological parameters to assess the vitality of the lichen Ramalina lacera exposed to air pollution

Comparison of five physiological parameters to assess the vitality of the lichen Ramalina lacera exposed to air pollution

Biomonitoring air pollution with the desert lichen Ramalina maciformis

Avaliação da concentração de alguns íons metálicos em diferentes espécies de líquens do cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense

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