Ethylene glycol: properties, synthesis, and applications

Yue, Hairong; Zhao, Yujun; Ma, Xinbin; Gong, Jinlong

doi:10.1039/c2cs15359a

Cited by 899 publications

(621 citation statements)

References 283 publications

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“…The DMO hydrogenation reaction to EtOH comprises several continuous reactions (Table 1), including DMO hydrogenation to MG, MG hydrogenation to ethylene glycol (EG) and deep hydrogenation of EG to EtOH 33,34 . Confinement of reactants and reaction intermediates within such nanochannels could prolong the contact time of these species with the active sites inside the CuPSNTs 35 , which favours the deep hydrogenation reaction and leads to a higher selectivity to EG or ethanol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

et al. 2013

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Hydrogenolysis of carbon-oxygen bonds is a versatile synthetic tool in organic synthesis. Copper-based catalysts have been intensively explored as the copper sites account for the highly selective hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds. However, the inherent drawback of conventional copper-based catalysts is the deactivation by metal-particle growth and unstable surface Cu 0 and Cu þ active species in the strongly reducing hydrogen and oxidizing carbon-oxygen atmosphere. Here we report the superior reactivity of a core (copper)-sheath (copper phyllosilicate) nanoreactor for carbon-oxygen hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate with high efficiency (an ethanol yield of 91%) and steady performance (4300 h at 553 K). This nanoreactor, which possesses balanced and stable Cu 0 and Cu þ active species, confinement effects, an intrinsically high surface area of Cu 0 and Cu þ and a unique tunable tubular morphology, has potential applications in high-temperature hydrogenation reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

et al. 2013

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“…Among them, EG has the largest market with an annual consumption of 20 million metric tons predominantly for the manufacture of poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) fibers and bottles. 6 Currently, EG is being produced from petroleumderived ethylene via multiple steps of cracking, epoxidation, and hydration ( Figure 1). In 2008, we for the first time discovered a nonpetroleum route for the production of EG from renewable cellulose using a nickel-promoted tungsten carbide catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Conversion of Cellulose to Ethylene Glycol with Multifunctional Tungsten-Based Catalysts

2013

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W ith diminishing fossil resources and increasing concerns about environmental issues, searching for alternative fuels has gained interest in recent years. Cellulose, as the most abundant nonfood biomass on earth, is a promising renewable feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. In principle, the ample hydroxyl groups in the structure of cellulose make it an ideal feedstock for the production of industrially important polyols such as ethylene glycol (EG), according to the atom economy rule. However, effectively depolymerizing cellulose under mild conditions presents a challenge, due to the intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonding network. In addition, control of product selectivity is complicated by the thermal instabilities of cellulosederived sugars. A one-pot catalytic process that combines hydrolysis of cellulose and hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of cellulose-derived sugars proves to be an efficient way toward the selective production of polyols from cellulose.In this Account, we describe our efforts toward the one-pot catalytic conversion of cellulose to EG, a typical petroleumdependent bulk chemical widely applied in the polyester industry whose annual consumption reaches about 20 million metric tons. This reaction opens a novel route for the sustainable production of bulk chemicals from biomass and will greatly decrease the dependence on petroleum resources and the associated CO 2 emission. It has attracted much attention from both industrial and academic societies since we first described the reaction in 2008. The mechanism involves a cascade reaction. First, acid catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose to water-soluble oligosaccharides and glucose (R1). Then, oligosaccharides and glucose undergo CÀC bond cleavage to form glycolaldehyde with catalysis of tungsten species (R2). Finally, hydrogenation of glycolaldehyde by a transition metal catalyst produces the end product EG (R3). Due to the instabilities of glycolaldehyde and cellulose-derived sugars, the reaction rates should be r 1 , r 2 , r 3 in order to achieve a high yield of EG. Tuning the molar ratio of tungsten to transition metal and changing the reaction temperature successfully optimizes this reaction. No matter what tungsten compounds are used in the beginning reaction, tungsten bronze (H x WO 3 ) is always formed. It is then partially dissolved in hot water and acts as the active species to homogeneously catalyze CÀC bond cleavage of cellulose-derived sugars. Upon cooling and exposure to air, the dissolved H x WO 3 is transformed to insoluble tungsten acid and precipitated from the solution to facilitate the separation and recovery of the catalyst. On the basis of this temperature-dependent phase-transfer behavior, we have developed a highly active, selective, and reusable catalyst composed of tungsten acid and Ru/C. Our work has unearthed new understanding of this reaction, including how different catalysts perform and the underlying mechanism. It has also guided researchers to the rational design of catalysts for other reactions inv...

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“…Therefore, the main issue consists in reducing the oxygen content through deoxygenative and CTH/APR processes [224][225][226][227][228][229].…”

Section: C-c and C-o Bond Breaking In C2-c6 Polyolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Hydrogenolysis of Platform Derived Molecules Promoted by Heterogeneous Pd-Fe Catalysts

et al. 2017

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Abstract:This review provides an overview of heterogeneous bimetallic Pd-Fe catalysts in the C-C and C-O cleavage of platform molecules such as C2-C6 polyols, furfural, phenol derivatives and aromatic ethers that are all easily obtainable from renewable cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (the major components of lignocellulosic biomasses). The interaction between palladium and iron affords bimetallic Pd-Fe sites (ensemble or alloy) that were found to be very active in several sustainable reactions including hydrogenolysis, catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) and aqueous phase reforming (APR) that will be highlighted. This contribution concentrates also on the different synthetic strategies (incipient wetness impregnation, deposition-precipitaion, co-precipitaion) adopted for the preparation of heterogeneous Pd-Fe systems as well as on the main characterization techniques used (XRD, TEM, H 2 -TPR, XPS and EXAFS) in order to elucidate the key factors that influence the unique catalytic performances observed.

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Ethylene glycol: properties, synthesis, and applications

Cited by 899 publications

References 283 publications

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

A copper-phyllosilicate core-sheath nanoreactor for carbon–oxygen hydrogenolysis reactions

One-Pot Conversion of Cellulose to Ethylene Glycol with Multifunctional Tungsten-Based Catalysts

Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Hydrogenolysis of Platform Derived Molecules Promoted by Heterogeneous Pd-Fe Catalysts

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