Ethylene + GA3 Sprays for Delaying Flower Bud Initiation in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelv.) Stock Plants

Strefeler, Mark S.; Anderson, Neil O.; Ascher, Peter D.

doi:10.21273/horttech.6.3.251

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The ideotype possesses a flat response to temperature above or below 15.5 °C and is thermozero in all photoperiods for flowering (Cathey, 1955;Langton and Cockshull, 1976). Stock plants would also be maintained in a vegetative state at high temperatures with the application of ethephon (Searle and Machin, 1968;Strefeler, et al, 1996;Stuart, et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CUTTING SOURCE. Stem cuttings of all plant material were obtained from indexed stock plants maintained in a vegetative state with a) LD photoperiods (12 to 16 h photoperiod plus night interruption lighting, 2200 to 0200 HR, using incandescent lamps), b) 20 °C days/17 °C (day/night) temperatures, and c) weekly sprays of 500 mg·L -1 ethephon (Florel) + 5 mg·L -1 gibberellic acid, (GA 3 ) (Strefeler, et al, 1996;Stuart, et al, 1988). Stem cuttings of 'Foxy' (Yoder Brothers, Inc.) were obtained from stock plants grown under similar conditions.…”

Section: Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulling black cloth over plants to simulate short days would be unnecessary. However, propagators would have to apply ethephon (Florel, Union Carbide Co., Research Triangle Park, N.C.) to inhibit flowering of DN stock plants (Strefeler, et al, 1996;Stuart, et al, 1988). DN garden chrysanthemums could offer home gardeners the potential for continuous flowering throughout the growing season, rather than during the fall season only, as is currently the case.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Selection of Day-neutral, Heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthem×grandiflora Genotypes

Anderson¹,

Ascher²

2001

jashs

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Commercial garden and greenhouse chrysanthemums [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum xmorifolium Ramat.)] are facultative short-day plants for flower bud initiation, obligate short-day plants for flower bud development, and are categorized into short-day response groups. Flower initiation can be delayed by high night temperatures. Recent research has identified true day-neutral genotypes. The purpose of this investigation was to test environments for selecting genotypes that are both day-neutral and heat-delay insensitive. One greenhouse and 18 garden genotypes were selected. A series of environments were used to select for day-neutral genotypes and then differentiate between these genotypes for heat delay insensitivity: short days, long days/red light, long days/far red light and high temperatures, and natural day lengths under field conditions. Day-neutral selections from these environments were then grown in a fifth environment of long days/continuous far red and red light with high temperature. Data were collected on the number of days to first and third flower, long day leaf number, stem length, number of strap-shaped leaves subtending the terminal flower, internode lengths, number of nodes with axillary branching, and flower bud development of the first to the sixth flowers. Genotypes required 3 to 8 weeks for complete flower bud initiation/development. Flowering responses in the first four environments were highly significant for both the first and third flowers. Genotypes ranged from obligate short-day to day-neutral for the first six flowers. Three day-neutral genotypes were selected that differed significantly for all traits in the fifth environment; flower bud development with the first six flowers occurred with only one genotype, 83-267-3. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from h2 = 0.75 for number of nodes with axillary branching, h2 = 0.79 for long day leaf number and number of strap-shaped leaves, to h2 = 0.91 for stem length. An ideotype for day-neutral and heat-delay-insensitive garden chrysanthemums was developed for use in breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Selection of Day-neutral, Heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthem×grandiflora Genotypes

Anderson¹,

Ascher²

2001

jashs

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“…8/LC8 Professional Growing Mix (Sun Gro Horticulture, Bellevue, WA) and greenhouse forced to prompt vegetative shoot growth (LDs, 0800-1600 HR supplied by 400-W high-pressure sodium lamps + 2200-to 0200-HR night interruption at a minimum set point of 150 mmol • m -2 • s -1 ; 18.5 ± 0.1/22.0 ± 0.2°C day/night). To maintain a vegetative state in the stock plants, weekly sprays of 500 mg • L -1 ethephon (Florel) + 5 mg • L -1 gibberellic acid were applied (Strefeler et al, 1996;Stuart et al, 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garden Chrysanthemum Cell Membrane Thermostability and Flowering Heat Delay Differences Among U.S. and South Korean Germplasm

Anderson¹,

Won²,

Kim³

2016

horts

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Global warming has created increased nighttime temperatures both in field and greenhouse production of chrysanthemums during flower bud initiation (FBI) and development, causing heat delay or complete cessation of flowering. Integration of breeding and selection for heat delay insensitivity (HDI) has become imperative for greenhouse (cut, potted types) and must be accomplished on a genotypic basis, similar to winterhardiness. This is a breeding objective in the joint garden chrysanthemum breeding project between the Chungnam Provincial Agricultural Research and Extension Services and the University of Minnesota. The objectives of this research were to test 10 genotypes (cultivars, seedlings) from both breeding programs when grown in low-temperature (LT) and high-temperature (HT) short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions (four environments: LTSD, LTLD, HTSD, and HTLD); determine the extent of heat delay and HDI for visible bud date (VBD), flowering, and other phenotypic traits; evaluate relative injury (RI) and cell membrane thermostability (CMT), and to select future parents with lowered RI values, higher CMT, shorter heat-induced flowering delay, and/or HDI. ‘Magic Ball’ and ‘Minnwhite’ had the shortest plant height in HTLD and HTSD, whereas ‘Geumbangul’ had stability for height in all treatments. Lowest long day leaf numbers (LDLN) occurred under LTSD in seven genotypes. However, both ‘Geumbangul’ and ‘Magic Ball’ had complete stability for LDLN across all environments. Sigmoid curves for RI% and temperature were found for all genotypes and environments with R2 = 0.79–0.89. Only ‘Mellow Moon’ had stability or equal VBDs in HTSD, LTSD, and LTLD conditions. This is the first-ever report of stability for VBD across inductive and noninductive HT/LT treatments. Only ‘Centerpiece’ flowered in all environments and also had 0 day of heat for VBD in LT and 1 day of heat delay in HT, as well as three others (Mn. Sel’n. 01-210-43, ‘Autumn Fire’, and ‘Geumbangul’). Few had linear regressions with positive slopes for heat-induced VBD or flowering delay regressed with RI%; most had no slope (R2 ≈ 0.0) for all treatments (‘Centerpiece’, Mn. Sel’n. 01-210-43), whereas others were negative (‘Mammoth™ Dark Bronze Daisy’, Flw LTLD–LTSD). Surprisingly, one linear regression had a slope of R2 = 1.0 (‘Geumbangul’, Flw LTLD–LTSD). These responses are all novel in chrysanthemums. Selecting the best parents in both breeding programs to maximize stability of all traits across these four environments with minimal crossing and selection across generations could be accomplished by stacking parental traits. A crossing scheme involving just three parents is proposed to incorporate stability for all traits in just a few generations.

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Effects of ethrel and gibberellin on impatiens plants

Tamari¹,

Pappa²,

Zered³

et al. 1998

Scientia Horticulturae

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Ethylene + GA3 Sprays for Delaying Flower Bud Initiation in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelv.) Stock Plants

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Selection of Day-neutral, Heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthem×grandiflora Genotypes

Selection of Day-neutral, Heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthem×grandiflora Genotypes

Garden Chrysanthemum Cell Membrane Thermostability and Flowering Heat Delay Differences Among U.S. and South Korean Germplasm

Effects of ethrel and gibberellin on impatiens plants

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