Ethylene and Wound-Induced Gene Expression in the Preclimacteric Phase of Ripening Avocado Fruit and Mesocarp Discs

Starrett, David A.; Laties, George C.

doi:10.1104/pp.103.1.227

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Isolation of RNA and cDNA Synthesis-RNA was prepared from avocado pear mesocarp tissue as described previously (17). Samples corresponding to different stages of maturation were pooled and used for reverse transcription.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Cloning of Prs a 1, a 32-kDa Endochitinase and Major Allergen of Avocado, and Its Expression in the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Sowka

Hsieh²,

Krebitz

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Avocado, the fruit of the tropical tree Persea americana, is a source of allergens that can elicit diverse IgE-mediated reactions including anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. We characterized a 32-kDa major avocado allergen, Prs a 1, which is recognized by 15 out of 20 avocado-and/or latex-allergic patients. Natural Prs a 1 was purified, and its N-terminal and two tryptic peptide sequences were determined. We isolated the Prs a 1 encoding cDNA by PCR using degenerate primers and 5-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The Prs a 1 cDNA coded for an endochitinase of 326 amino acids with a leader peptide of 25 amino acids. We expressed Prs a 1 in the yeast Pichia pastoris at 50 mg/liter of culture medium. The recombinant Prs a 1 showed endochitinase activity, inhibited growth and branching of Fusarium oxysporum hyphae, and possessed IgE binding capacity. IgE cross-reactivity with latex proteins including a 20-kDa allergen, most likely prohevein, was demonstrated, providing an explanation for the commonly observed cross-sensitization between avocado and latex proteins. Sequence comparison showed that Prs a 1 and prohevein had 70% similarity in their chitin-binding domains. Characterization of chitinases as allergens has implications for engineering transgenic crops with increased levels of chitinases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Cloning of Prs a 1, a 32-kDa Endochitinase and Major Allergen of Avocado, and Its Expression in the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Sowka

Hsieh²,

Krebitz

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…However, when 1-MCP was applied twice at 300 nl l − 1 for 24 h during cold storage, avocado fruit failed to ripen during shelf life, which indicated that 1-MCP, in higher concentrations, can be effective also at 5°C (Table 3). Application of AVG (an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis) plus NBD (an inhibitor of ethylene action) to avocado slices completely inhibited ethylene production and expression of cellulase and polygalacuronase (PG) genes (Starrett and Laties, 1993). It is possible that applying excess 1-MCP can lead to irreversible inhibition of softening, because both the cellulase and PG enzymes are regulated by ethylene and are initiated by the climacteric rise (Starrett and Laties, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene involvement in chilling injury symptoms of avocado during cold storage

Pesis

Ackerman

Ben-Arie

et al. 2002

Postharvest Biology and Technology

157

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Application of exogenous ethylene, irrespective of the method of application, caused intensification of mesocarp discoloration in avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) during cold storage of all cultivars tested. 'Ettinger' fruit treated with Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) prior to packing and storage developed severe chilling injury (CI) symptoms, expressed as mesocarp discoloration after 3 weeks at 5°C. 'Fuerte' fruit treated with ethylene gas (100 ml l − 1 ) for 24 h at 20°C prior to storage at 5°C exhibited mesocarp discoloration, which increased dramatically during shelf life at 20°C. 'Fuerte' fruit treated in cold storage with a continuous low ethylene dose (4 ml l − 1 ) developed severe browning in the fruit pulp after 3 weeks at 5°C. 'Hass' fruit treated with 50 ml l − 1 ethylene, for 12, 24 or 48 h at 5°C showed a gradual increase in mesocarp discoloration after 3 weeks in cold storage plus shelf life; the 48 h ethylene-treated fruit exhibited the most severe pulp browning. Use of absorbent sachets that removed ethylene from modified atmosphere (MA) packaging reduced mesocarp discoloration and decay development in 'Hass' fruit after 5 weeks storage at 5°C. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), reduced mesocarp discoloration, decay development and polyphenol oxidase activity, whereas this enzyme activity was induced in ethylene-treated fruits that were cold stored for 4 weeks.

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“…Putative functions encoded by other tomato ripening-related mRNAs include a thiol protease, a proteinase inhibitor, a heat-shock protein, a UDP glucosyl or glucuronosyl transferase, a dehydrogenase of unknown substrate specificity, a stress-related protein, and a possible cell wall protein [ 19,34]. For avocado, ripening-related mRNAs identified to date include those encoding cellulase, polygalacturonase, ethylene-forming enzyme, a cytochrome P-450, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, a thaumatin-like protein, and an endochitinase [7,10,11,14,30,42]. In stark contrast to tomato and avocado, the molecular events involved in ripening of any nonclimacteric fruit have not been characterized in detail, and the elucidation of these events could provide valuable insights into the fundamental differences between climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of mRNAs with enhanced expression in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction differential display

et al. 1995

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Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process that involves specific changes in gene expression and cellular metabolism. In climateric fruits these events are coordinated by the gaseous hormone ethylene, which is synthesized autocatalytically in the early stages of ripening. Nonclimacteric fruits do not synthesize or respond to ethylene in this manner, yet undergo many of the same physiological and biochemical changes associated with the production of a ripe fruit. To gain insight into the molecular determinants associated with nonclimacteric fruit ripening, we examined mRNA populations in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) differential display. Five mRNAs with ripening-enhanced expression were identified using this approach. Three of the mRNAs appear to be fruit-specific, with little or no expression detected in vegetative tissues. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones revealed positive identities for three of the five mRNAs based on homology to known proteins. These results indicate that the differential display technique can be a useful tool to study fruit ripening and other developmental processes in plants at the RNA level.

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Ethylene and Wound-Induced Gene Expression in the Preclimacteric Phase of Ripening Avocado Fruit and Mesocarp Discs

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Identification and Cloning of Prs a 1, a 32-kDa Endochitinase and Major Allergen of Avocado, and Its Expression in the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Identification and Cloning of Prs a 1, a 32-kDa Endochitinase and Major Allergen of Avocado, and Its Expression in the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Ethylene involvement in chilling injury symptoms of avocado during cold storage

Identification of mRNAs with enhanced expression in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction differential display

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