Ethylene and flower senescence

Reid, Michael S.; Wu, M.J.

doi:10.1007/bf00024431

Cited by 154 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…In these species, ethylene production was found to increase during senescence and exposure to ethylene accelerated flower senescence. Senescence of these types of flowers can, therefore, generally be delayed by inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or ethylene action (Borochov & Woodson 1989;Reid & Wu 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene‐insensitive floral senescence inSandersonia aurantiaca(Hook.)

Eason

Vré

1995

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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We have demonstrated that the senescence of Sandersonia aurantiaca (Hook.) flowers is insensitive to ethylene. Treating detached, physiologically mature flowers with propylene (0.5%, 24 h) did not alter the patterns of colour change, fresh weight, or respiration which normally occur as the flowers senesce. Silver thiosulphate (STS, 1 mM) did not extend the vase life of the flowers. Postharvest ethylene production by flowers was negligible, regardless of whether they had been exposed to propylene and or STS. Cycloheximide treatments (1 μM, 100 μM) inhibited the loss of pigment or fading associated with flower senescence. This suggests that de novo protein synthesis is required for pigment degradation in senescing sandersonia flowers. However, 100 μM cycloheximide also caused detached flowers to wilt prematurely, thereby changing the normal sequence of events that occur during senescence in this flower. Exposing flowers to actinomycin D caused a subtle change in their pattern of senescence and in vitro translation of RNA extracted from the flowers produced a pattern of translation products that differed from that of control flowers held in water. The data demonstrate that specific changes in both transcription and translation accompany the ethylene-insensitive senescence of sandersonia flowers. H95038

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene‐insensitive floral senescence inSandersonia aurantiaca(Hook.)

Eason

Vré

1995

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…Thus, SS and SC extended their inflorescences longevities from 11.4 and 8.9 days up to 15.7 and 11.6 days, respectively (Table 2). In some species, petal senescence may occur both before and after fertilization, for example, via pollination and ethylene biosynthesis (Reid and Wu 1992;Stead 1992;van Doorn 2002). The changes in the number of inflorescences with flowering floret(s) following transplantation of plantlets to a pot are showed in Figure 1.…”

Section: Characterization Of Flowering Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy-ion beam-induced sterile mutants of verbena (Verbena*hybrida) with an improved flowering habit

Kanaya

Saito

Hayashi

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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Verbena, a genus of the Verbenaceae family, consists of approximately 250 species worldwide. Most of these species are native to temperate, tropical or subtropical regions of South, Central and North America. Numerous horticultural cultivars of verbenas (i.e. Verbenaϫ hybrida) have been bred by artificial crossing among several species and were popular for hanging basket plants and garden uses because of their wealth of flower colors and broad range of growth habits. During the last decade, Suntory Flowers Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) has developed new cultivars of the verbena Temari ® series that have characteristics such as resistance to powdery mildew and heat tolerance that are superior to those of common garden verbena cultivars. Besides, most of the Temari ® cultivars have a continuous flowering habit that is characterized by a large number of inflorescences from spring until autumn in the temperate regions. However, some cultivars sometimes show a decrease in the number of inflorescences. It was observed that they produce self-seeds at a high frequency, and the number of inflorescences tends to decrease after seed setting. Usually, in monocarpic plants, the production of fruits and seeds causes plant senescence (Noodén 1980), and it has been reported in soybean that the removal of fertilized flowers or young pods leads to an increased number of flowers compared with untreated plants (Noodén 1984). Although perennial verbenas are not monocarpic plants, we believe that the number of inflorescences in verbena cultivars might be also increased by the repression of seed setting.The induction of sterile mutants seems to be one of the most effective methods to improve the flowering habits of self-compatible verbenas. Radiations such as gamma rays and X-rays have been widely used for mutation induction in numerous plant species (van Harten 1998). Because of their lower biological effects compared with low linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as gamma rays, X-rays and electrons (Kraft et al. 1992; Heavy-ion beam-induced sterile mutants of verbena (Verbena؋hybrida) with an improved flowering habit Abstract Sterile mutants of Verbenaϫhybrida were isolated at high frequency from nodal cultures of developed plants irradiated with heavy-ion beams. Sixty four in vitro-cultured nodes of fertile cultivars 'Temari Sakura' (FS), 'Temari Coral Pink' (FC) and 'Temari White' (FW) were irradiated with 1 to 10Gy of 14 N-ion beam (1890MeV). Lateral shoot development of FS, FC and FW was not affected by irradiation with up to 10Gy. After open-pollination, shoots with inflorescence forming unenlarged ovaries were selected and propagated several times by cutting. Shoots were grown to flowering and the selection process for isolating stable sterile mutants was carried out by the same method. Finally, one mutant out of 104 FS lateral shoots (5Gy), one mutant out of 115 FC shoots (5Gy) and 3 mutants out of 108 FC shoots (10Gy) were successfully isolated. With the exception of sterility all these mutants showed normal morphology. Two ...

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“…Ethylene is a primary plant hormone that is involved in the senescence of cut carnation flowers (Abeles et al, 1992;Borochov and Woodson, 1989;Reid and Wu, 1992). In carnation flowers undergoing natural senescence, ethylene that is first produced in the gynoecium is perceived by the petals which induced autocatalytic ethylene production in the petals that resulted in their wilting (Jones and Woodson, 1997;Shibuya et al, 2000;ten Have and Woltering, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repressed Expression of DC-ACS1 Gene in a Transgenic Carnation Supports the Role of its Expression in the Gynoecium for Ethylene Production in Senescing Flower

茂¹,

慶介²

2006

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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DC-ACS1 is a gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase which is expressed slightly in the gynoecium, but abundantly in petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers. It is known that ethylene evolved from the gynoecium triggers the expression of DC-ACS1 and DC-ACO1 (the gene for carnation ACC oxidase), which results in an abundant ethylene production in petals. In a transgenic carnation (16-0-66 line) transformed with DC-ACS1 cDNA in sense orientation, the exogenous ethylene treatment caused the expression of DC-ACO1 in the gynoecium and petals, but not that of DC-ACS1. This suggests that the cosuppression of the expression of endogenous DC-ACS1 gene by the integrated transgene. DC-ACS1 transcript is absent in both gynoecium and petals of senescing 16-0-66 flowers, so that the flowers produce no ethylene; whereas DC-ACO1 transcript is present in the gynoecium but absent in the petals. These findings give further support on the role of the DC-ACS1 gene in the gynoecium for ethylene production by petals in senescing carnation flowers.

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Ethylene and flower senescence

Cited by 154 publications

References 32 publications

Ethylene‐insensitive floral senescence inSandersonia aurantiaca(Hook.)

Ethylene‐insensitive floral senescence inSandersonia aurantiaca(Hook.)

Heavy-ion beam-induced sterile mutants of verbena (Verbena*hybrida) with an improved flowering habit

Repressed Expression of DC-ACS1 Gene in a Transgenic Carnation Supports the Role of its Expression in the Gynoecium for Ethylene Production in Senescing Flower

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