Ethylene altered fruit cuticular wax, the expression of cuticular wax synthesis-related genes and fruit quality during cold storage of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. c.v. Starkrimson) fruit

Li, Fujun; Min, Dedong; Ren, Chuntao; Dong, Lulu; Shu, Pan; Cui, Xueying; Zhang, Xinhua

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.11.016

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Among the six Cytochrome P450 genes differentially expressed in the 35S: MdDAM1#1 transgenic line only MdAH1 was previously described. This gene is potentially involved in the oxidation of alkane to secondary alcohol and ketone in the cuticular wax pathway (Li et al, 2019). Transcription factors belonging to the WRKY gene family, with known roles in biotic and abiotic stresses, were also differentially expressed (Phukan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

et al. 2020

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Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter to acquire competency to flower and grow in the following spring. Climate change or adverse meteorological conditions can impair release of dormancy and delay bud break, hence jeopardizing fruit production and causing substantial economic losses. In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling bud dormancy in apple we focused our work on the MADS-box transcription factor gene MdDAM1. We show that MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of dormancy and bud break in spring. MdDAM1 transcript levels are drastically reduced in the low-chill varieties 'Anna' and 'Dorsett Golden' compared to 'Golden Delicious' corroborating its role as a key genetic factor controlling the release of bud dormancy in Malus species. The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis. These trees lost their capacity to enter in dormancy and produced leaves and shoots regardless of the season. A transcriptome study revealed that apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of 'Golden Delicious' trees at the onset of the bud break with the significant gene repression of the related MADS-box gene MdDAM4 as a major feature. We provide the first functional evidence that MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees and demonstrate that their silencing results in a defect of growth cessation in autumn. Our findings will help producing low-chill apple variants from the elite commercial cultivars that will withstand climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

et al. 2020

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“…However, analyses of their expression profiles throughout development are limited and most of the work has been carried out in tomato fruit. From the post-harvest point of view, research efforts have been even more limited, and only a few studies have analyzed changes in the expression profile of cuticle-related genes during the post-harvest period (Wu et al, 2017; Carvajal et al, 2018; Belge et al, 2019; Li et al, 2019). This small handful of reports highlights substantial differences across species, cultivars and post-harvest procedures.…”

Section: The Fruit Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately no studies of thermal properties during post-harvest of fruit commodities have been carried out. However, a few reports on changes in cuticle amounts or composition during cold storage exist for apple (Dong et al, 2012; Li et al, 2019), sweet cherry ( Prunus avium (L.) L.) (Belge et al, 2014a), orange (Ding et al, 2018), and peach (Belge et al, 2019). Substantial differences in these modifications and their time-course, though, have been detected among species and cultivars.…”

Section: Biophysical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, long-term (7 months) storage at 2°C led to sharply decreased levels in n -alkanes and total waxes in ‘Red Fuji’ apples (Dong et al, 2012). More recently, wax density on the surface of ‘Starkrimson’ apple fruit has also been shown to increase, moderately but steadily, during storage at 0–1°C for up to 180 days (Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Changes In Fruit Cuticles After Harvestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shelf Life Potential and the Fruit Cuticle: The Unexpected Player

2019

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The plant cuticle is an extracellular barrier that protects the aerial, non-lignified parts of plants from the surrounding environment, and furthermore plays important functions in organ growth and development. The role of the cuticle in post-harvest quality of fruits is a topic currently driving a lot of interest since an increasing bulk of research data show its modulating influence on a number of important traits determining shelf life and storage potential, including water transpiration and fruit dehydration, susceptibility to rots, pests and disorders, and even firmness. Moreover, the properties of fruit cuticles keep evolving after harvest, and have also been shown to be highly responsive to the external conditions surrounding the fruit. Indeed, common post-harvest treatments will have an impact on cuticle integrity and performance that needs to be evaluated for a deeper understanding of changes in post-harvest quality. In this review, chemical and biophysical properties of fruit cuticles are summarized. An overview is also provided of post-harvest changes in cuticles and the effects thereupon of some post-harvest procedures, with the purpose of offering a comprehensive summary of currently available information. Identification of natural sources of variability in relevant quality traits would allow breeding for the improvement of post-harvest life of fruit commodities.

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“…Earlier studies showed that the crystal morphology of apple cuticular wax is more susceptible to environmental influences compared to its composition (Belding et al, 2000). The environmental conditions of light, temperature, and humidity affect the crystal morphology of apple epidermal wax (Roy et al, 1994;Li F. et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019b). The bagging technology during apple production changes the microenvironment around the apples, which affects the wax crystal morphology of the epidermis, making the fruit surface smooth.…”

Section: Crystal Morphology and Composition Of Apple Cuticular Waxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Function of Apple Cuticular Wax

Zhang

You

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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A layer of cuticular wax is deposited on the surface of terrestrial plants, which reduces the damage caused by environmental stress and maintains growth in a relatively stable internal environment. Apple cuticular wax is an important part of the fruit epidermis that plays an essential role in apple development, storage, and adaptation to environmental stress. The formation of cuticular wax has been described at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels in Arabidopsis, whereas less research has been performed on apple cuticular wax. Here, we provide a brief overview of how apple cuticular wax is formed, as well as its structure, composition, and function. An association among the environment, genes, and apple cuticular wax deposition was revealed. Cuticular wax prevents fruit rust from occurring on apple. Taken together, a detailed understanding of apple cuticular wax is discussed. The results will act as a reference for extending the storage period and increasing the commodity value of apple.

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Ethylene altered fruit cuticular wax, the expression of cuticular wax synthesis-related genes and fruit quality during cold storage of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. c.v. Starkrimson) fruit

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

Shelf Life Potential and the Fruit Cuticle: The Unexpected Player

Advances in Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Function of Apple Cuticular Wax

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