Ethyl Linoleate in Meconium

Abstract

The presence of ethyl linoleate in meconium is the first reported biological marker for maternal ethanol use during pregnancy. Because of the inherent inaccuracy associated with the use of self-reporting, the establishment of true values of sensitivity and specificity will require validation where the presence, quantity, and timing of exposure to alcohol is known. Further validation of this marker will permit identification and intervention of at-risk infants.

Biologic Monitoring of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals throughout the Life Stages: Requirements and Issues for Consideration for the National Children’s Study

“…Chemicals have been successfully measured in alternative matrices such as saliva (Bernert et al 2000; Lu et al 1998), meconium (Bearer et al 1999, 2003; Ostrea 1999; Ostrea et al 1994; Whyatt and Barr 2001), amniotic fluid (Bradman et al 2003; Foster et al 2002), and breath (Pellizzari et al 1992). Because many of these matrices are not commonly analyzed, the resulting chemical concentration data are more difficult to relate to measurements made in the more commonly used matrices such as urine, blood, or breast milk and, consequently, may be more difficult to relate to exposure.…”

Potential Role of the Placenta in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

“…[21] Based on laboratory animal and human studies, FAEE injected onto a ZB-WAX column (0.25 μm × 0.25 mm × 30 m) in a in meconium have been established as a sensitive and specific Varian 3400 gas chromatograph equipped with an 8200 autosambiomarker of fetal ethanol exposure. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] pler and flame ionization detector (FID [20,34,35] The production of FAEE is tissue-and enzymelinolenate, and ethyl arachidonate standards was initially injected dependent, with several studies demonstrating FAEE synthase to determine standard retention times. Starting temperature setactivity in the placenta of humans and other mammalian species, tings were 260°C (injector port), 50°C (column), and 300°C and in other organs as well.…”

Association of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Meconium and Cognitive Development during Childhood and Adolescence

“…Women with a psychiatric history (major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia), low intellectual functioning (diagnosis of mental retardation indicated in medical chart review), HIV-positive status, or chronic medical illness were excluded, as were infants with Down Syndrome, FAS, or congenital heart defects. Random samples of meconium were collected from 248 newborns 14 following informed consent, and 216 had adequate analysis of meconium. 15 Of the 216 children, 14 had missing interview data, 2 children died, and 9 dropped out or were lost to contact, yielding the current sample of 191 (89% retention rate for living children with adequate analysis of meconium).…”