Ethyl Formate As a Postharvest Fumigant for Selected Pests of Table Grapes

Simpson, Tiffanie; Bikoba, Veronique; Tipping, Christopher; Mitcham, Elizabeth

doi:10.1093/jee/100.4.1084

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Jamieson, Plant & Food Research, unpublished data). However, Simpson et al (2007) reported that omnivorous leafroller pupae were more tolerant to EF. It may be prudent to determine the tolerance of pupal life stages to EF fumigation in the future, although pupae of the species mentioned are not likely to be found on fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, alternatives to MB are being sought by the apple industry to ensure continued market access should MB be restricted, become uneconomical or become unavailable. Ethyl formate (EF) is a generally recognised as safe (GRAS) fumigant that is reported to control many pest species De Lima 2009, 2010Griffin et al 2013;Jamieson et al 2013Jamieson et al , 2014Jamieson et al , 2015Pupin et al 2013;Simpson et al 2004Simpson et al , 2007van Epenhuijsen et al 2007). It has the potential to be used in a management programme with no detectable residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) in apples

Jamieson¹,

Page-Weir²,

Griffin³

et al. 2016

NZPP

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Codling moth (CM Cydia pomonella) is a pest of quarantine concern on apple exports to Asian markets Apples exported to Japan must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) and then cold stored Ethyl formate (EF) as an alternative to MB is effective against a range of pests This project investigated the effectiveness of EF to control an internal pest such as CM by determining the responses of key insect stages without fruit and inside apples Trials without fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that latestage CM eggs and third instar CM larvae were the most tolerant life stages requiring a mean concentration of 134194 EF to achieve 99 mortality but 100 mortality of 4th/5th instar CM larvae Trials with CM in fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that 113 EF resulted in 534 mortality of 4th/5th CM larvae inside apples Increasing the mean concentration to 24 EF increased the mortality of 4th/5th larvae inside apples to 852

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) in apples

Jamieson¹,

Page-Weir²,

Griffin³

et al. 2016

NZPP

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“…Regardless, TPP eggs are the most tolerant life stage and require a 1 h treatment of >1.5% EF to achieve >99% mortality. Various studies have found the efficacy of fumigants on pest insect eggs to be related to egg age, with most pest eggs having higher tolerance when less than 3 days old, compared with eggs older than 3 days (Bell 1976;Williams & Sprenkel 1990;Bell & Savvidou 1999;Papachristos & Stamopoulos 2004), although this is not necessarily the case for every species, with some pests showing no difference in egg-age tolerance to fumigants (Simpson et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate

Jamieson¹,

Griffin²,

Page-Weir³

et al. 2015

NZPP

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Methyl bromide fumigation became mandatory for capsicums and truss tomatoes exported to Australia after tomato potato psyllid (TPP) was detected in 2006 in New Zealand. Methyl bromide detrimentally affects product quality by increasing rots and the browning of the green stems. An alternative being tested is ethyl formate (EF) and carbon dioxide, commercially available as VAPORMATE®. This study examined the tolerances of different life stages of TPP to EF. Eggs were considerably more tolerant of EF than adults and nymphs. Complete elimination of egg hatch was achieved after a 1-h exposure to 1.19% EF. In contrast, all nymphs and adults were killed after a 1-h exposure to 0.12% and 0.06% EF, respectively. Assessment of egg mortality was altered to better reflect the post-hatch treatment effects on nymph survival. In a subsequent egg age tolerance trial, mean lethal concentrations for 99% mortality ranged from ca 1% EF for young and older eggs to ca 1.5% EF for mid-aged eggs.

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“…Larvae hatching from these eggs will acquire the virus from the infected host plants and subsequently develop into transmitting adults that will contribute to further spread. Thrips present on cut flowers including viruliferous ones for TSWV are likely to survive transport and storage because low-temperature, controlled atmospheres (Shelton et al, 1996) or disinfectants (Liu, 2007;Simpson et al, 2007;van Epenhuijsen et al, 2007) applied to ensure product quality (Rudnicki et al, 1991) have only limited effects on thrips mortality.…”

Section: Probability Of Survival During Transport or Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Tomato spotted wilt virus to the EU territory with identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

Rossi¹

2012

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) including the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. The plants for planting pathway is considered the most important one and rated as likely, with medium uncertainty. TSWV, reported in many Member States, has one of the widest host range for plant viruses and has three widely distributed thrips vector species in the risk assessment area. For countries falling under the provisions of 2000/29/EC Annex IIAII legislation, the probability of establishment is rated as very likely, with low uncertainty. For Finland and Sweden, protected zone under the 2000/29/EC Annex IB legislation, the probability of establishment is rated unlikely to moderately likely. Spread can occur through the activity of thrips vectors and through trade of infected hosts. The probability of spread in Member States under Annex IIAII provisions is evaluated as likely, with low uncertainty. In Finland and Sweden, spread is rated as unlikely to moderately likely, with medium uncertainty. Since TSWV may cause both yield and quality losses in a wide range of hosts, a major impact is predictable in the absence of appropriate control measures, with medium uncertainty. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on a pest risk assessment for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), including the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options.After consideration of the evidence, the Panel reached the following conclusions:With regard to the assessment of the risk to plant health of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) for the EU territory:

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Ethyl Formate As a Postharvest Fumigant for Selected Pests of Table Grapes

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) in apples

Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) in apples

The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Tomato spotted wilt virus to the EU territory with identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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