Ethyl ferrocene in gas, condensed, or adsorbed phases: three types of photosensitive elements for use in gaseous detectors

Charpak, G.; Peskov, V.; Sauli, F.; Scigocki, D.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(89)90787-0

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…But quite importantly, S-RETGEM must demonstrate the ability to record flames at greater distances in order to present a realistic application of forest fire detection. Relevant tests were undertaken simultaneously with three detectors: S-RETGEM; TMAE-filled single-wire counter [15]; and Hamamatsu R2868 Uvitron. Figure 9 illustrates certain measurement results.…”

Section: Iii2 Results Of Tests Performed At Long Distancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Counting rate measured from S-RETGEM irradiated parallel to the S-RETGEM (red symbols) and perpendicular to it (blue symbols). Note that in the later case due to the surface effect (photosensitivity of the EF absorbed layer [15] the sensitivity in the temperature interval 0-30°C drops compared to 30°C only on a factor of 2. At elevated temperatures (the possible situation when the detector is warmed up by the direct sun radiation in a hot summer day) the sensitivity increases 6-10 times electrode of the S-RETGEM (see [15,17] for details).…”

Section: Iii1d) Temperature Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Note that in the later case due to the surface effect (photosensitivity of the EF absorbed layer [15] the sensitivity in the temperature interval 0-30°C drops compared to 30°C only on a factor of 2. At elevated temperatures (the possible situation when the detector is warmed up by the direct sun radiation in a hot summer day) the sensitivity increases 6-10 times electrode of the S-RETGEM (see [15,17] for details). An examination of the results presented in [6] indicates that adding of the excess of EF to the chamber produces a higher sensitivity compared to the responsiveness of the chamber filled with the saturated pressure of the EF at room temperature.…”

Section: Iii1d) Temperature Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the comparative studies we used both class-1 Hamamatsu R2868 flame detector and a custom made single-wire TMAE filled detector [15].…”

Section: Figure 1 a Schematic Drawing Of The Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in the development of a S-RETGEM-based detector for an early forest fire warning system

Charpak¹,

Benaben²,

Breuil³

et al. 2009

J. Inst.

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In this paper we present a prototype of a Strip Resistive Thick GEM (S-RETGEM) photosensitive gaseous detector filled with Ne and ethylferrocene (EF) vapours at a total pressure of 1 atm for an early forest fire detection system. Tests show that it is one hundred times more sensitive than the best commercial ultraviolet (UV) flame detectors; and therefore, it is able to reliably detect a flame of ~1.5x1.5x1.5 m 3 at a distance of about ~1km. An additional and unique feature of this detector is its imaging capability, which in combination with other techniques, may significantly reduce false fire alarms when operating in an automatic mode.Preliminary results conducted with air-filled photosensitive gaseous detectors are also presented. The approach's main advantages include both the simplicity of manufacturing and affordability of construction materials such as plastics and glues specifically reducing detector production cost. The sensitivity of these air-filled detectors at certain conditions may be as high as those filled with Ne and EF. Long-term test results of such sealed detectors indicate a significant progress in this direction.We believe that our detectors utilized in addition to other flame and smoke sensors will exceptionally increase the sensitivity of forest fire detection systems. Our future efforts will be focused on attempts to commercialize such detectors utilizing our aforementioned findings. * The sensitivity of the class -1 UV detectors is comparable to the sensitivity of the best commercial IR detectors [7].

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Section: Iii2 Results Of Tests Performed At Long Distancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iii1d) Temperature Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Iii1d) Temperature Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the comparative studies we used both class-1 Hamamatsu R2868 flame detector and a custom made single-wire TMAE filled detector [15].…”

Section: Figure 1 a Schematic Drawing Of The Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Progress in the development of a S-RETGEM-based detector for an early forest fire warning system

Charpak¹,

Benaben²,

Breuil³

et al. 2009

J. Inst.

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show abstract

“…8), thus almost compensating for losses due to the holes. The physics behind this enhancement is described in [18,19]. Note that this method cannot be easily implemented in CsI-MWPCs for the correspondingly increased feedback effect and also because of the undesirable contribution from the EF ionization (our GEMs operate at zero drift field and the contribution from the EF ionization was negligible).…”

Section: Csi Coated Resistive Strip Gem Combined Microstrip Detector mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new generation of micropattern gaseous detectors for high energy physics, astrophysics and environmental applications

Peskov

Mauro

Fonte

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We have developed a cost effective technology for manufacturing various layouts of micropattern gaseous detectors for a wide range of applications. Such devices feature resistive electrodes interfaced to a network of thin readout strips/electrodes. The following three examples of such innovative designs and their applications will be presented: a prototype of a novel double-phase LAr detector with a CsI photocathode immersed inside the LAr, a CsI-RICH detector prototype for ALICE upgrade and GEMlike sensors for environmental safety/security applications.

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Introduction

2013

Imaging Gaseous Detectors and Their Applications

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Ethyl ferrocene in gas, condensed, or adsorbed phases: three types of photosensitive elements for use in gaseous detectors

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Progress in the development of a S-RETGEM-based detector for an early forest fire warning system

Progress in the development of a S-RETGEM-based detector for an early forest fire warning system

Development of a new generation of micropattern gaseous detectors for high energy physics, astrophysics and environmental applications

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