Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Glycol-Based Sustained-Release Sparfloxacin Chip: An Alternative Therapy for Advanced Periodontitis

Abstract

This study reports the development of a sustained-release system of sparfloxacin for use in the treatment of periodontal disease. A sustained-release sparfloxacin device was formulated, based on ethyl cellulose (EC) 10 cps, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, and diethyl phthalate (DEPh). It will hereafter be called the sparfloxacin chip (SRS chip). The chip has dimensions of 10 mm length, 2 mm width, and 0.5 mm thickness. The in vitro drug release pattern and clinical evaluation of the formulations were studied. Reports of the short-term clinical study show that the use of the SRS chip may cause complete eradication of the pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal pockets of patients who have chronic generalized periodontitis. In this clinical study, the baseline and follow-up measurements of various clinical indices, such as oral hygiene index(es), plaque index, sulcular depth component of periodontal disease index, gingival crevicular fluid flow measurement, and dark field microscopic examinations of oral pathogens in plaque samples were studied. Significant improvements were observed in many parameters of the treatment group compared with the placebo group.

A Systematic Review on the Effects of the Chlorhexidine Chip When Used as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis

“…All search strategies resulted in the identification of 54 publications. Independent screening by two reviewers (JC and IW) led to the rejection of 49 articles for the following reasons: only abstract and no full‐text available; 35‐40 follow‐up instead of randomized controlled study; 41,42 case series instead of randomized controlled study; 43 interim reports presenting preliminary data that are also implemented in larger studies; 44,45 published in Chinese; 46 evaluation of other treatment regimens; 47‐68 administration of the first generation slow‐release non‐degradable chip; 26‐28,30 use of the CHX chip prior to periodontal regeneration; 69 application of the CHX chip during supportive periodontal care; 70,71 pharmacokinetic evaluation of the CHX chip; 31,32 report describing ease of use of the chip; 72 economic evaluation of a CHX chip implemented treatment strategy; 73,74 and narrative reviews 75‐77 …”

Microencapsulation of doxycycline into poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) by spray drying technique: Effect of polymer molecular weight on process parameters

“…Antimicrobial activities of DXY‐loaded, placebo microspheres, and pristine DXY were evaluated by performing the experiments in triplicate. Pristine DXY at different concentrations of 1–7.5 μg/mL in PBS (pH 7.4) was tested against E. coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus , and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates found in periodontitis patients 22, 23. For formulation F2, samples collected from in vitro release study of DXY‐loaded and placebo microspheres at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 24, 30, 48, 50, and 72 h) were also tested against S. aureus 22.…”

“…Pristine DXY at different concentrations of 1–7.5 μg/mL in PBS (pH 7.4) was tested against E. coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus , and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates found in periodontitis patients 22, 23. For formulation F2, samples collected from in vitro release study of DXY‐loaded and placebo microspheres at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 24, 30, 48, 50, and 72 h) were also tested against S. aureus 22. Molten nutrient agar media (1%, 25 mL) was cooled to 40°C, mixed thoroughly with 1 mL of 24‐h grown S. aureus culture with an absorbance of 0.1 at 600 nm and transferred to sterile petri‐dishes for solidification.…”