Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways

Liu, Huichang; Cui, Bo; Xu, Yunze; Hu, Chaoyang; Liu, Ying; Qu, Guorun; Li, Dawei; Wu, Yongning; Zhang, Dabing; Quan, Sheng; Shi, Jiannong

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.008

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings are alarming because the region lacks toxicological studies that reveal the impact on farmer’s health. In addition, carbamate [ 23 , 34 , 35 ] and OPs [ 24 , 27 , 36 ] exposure increases levels of oxidative stress markers in both murine and human models. In different agricultural areas of Mexico the use of highly hazardous pesticides had negative effects on farm workers and their families, especially children [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant differences were found in GSH and GSSG levels between the not exposed group and 4 occupational exposure sub-groups, indicating oxidative stress. A decrease in GSH/GSSG was observed as a result of exposure to OPs, carbamates and paraquat [ 7 , 9 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 39 – 41 ]. However, unlike our results, studies that have analyzed GSH and GSSG specifically in erythrocytes after exposure to OPs (as was done in the present study) reported high levels [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, terbufos and carbamates are lipophilic molecules with high affinity for the plasma membrane [ 52 ], thereby inducing increased peroxidation [ 21 , 22 , 44 , 51 ] and decreased membrane fluidity [ 21 ]. Studies by Rai et al [ 51 ], Dhouib et al [ 9 ], and Liu et al [ 23 ], reported that exposure to carbamate increased levels of ROS and RNS, and decreased membrane fluidity. However, in this study, results showed a three-fold increase in membrane fluidity over the not exposed group, while among the 4 sub-groups, there were no significant variations in membrane fluidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity of carbamate is regulated by a process similar to that of OPs through irreversible inhibition of AChE, with increased oxidative stress. In the study by Liu [ 23 ], it was observed that exposure of liver cells to carbamate induced the synthesis of cytotoxic aldehydes (MDA and 4-HNE), acrolein and H 2 O 2 . In addition, the toxicity of paraquat increases the concentration of H 2 O 2 and OH − radicals, and H 2 O 2 promotes the formation of disulphide bonds, thereby reducing antioxidant capacity [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers

Salazar-Flores

Pacheco-Moisés

Ortíz

et al. 2020

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Background The region of La Cienega in Jalisco Mexico, is an important agricultural reference for the production of corn, sorghum and wheat, among other grains, so the use of pesticides for pest control is high. However, in this rural area there are no toxicological studies that assess the occupational risk of pesticide use. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the oxidative stress levels markers (GSH, GSSG, carbonyl groups, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid peroxides) as well as alteration of the mitochondrial membrane fluidity caused by occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers of this region. This occupational risk can increase cellular oxidation, which explains the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in Cienega settlers to be analyzed in future studies. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was performed using two groups: one not exposed group (n = 93) and another one with occupational exposure (n = 113). The latter group was sub-divided into 4 groups based on duration of use/exposure to pesticides. Oxidative stress levels and membrane fluidity were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software ver. 19.0 for windows. Results The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphorus, carbamates, herbicide-type glyphosate and paraquat, with an average occupational exposure time of 35.3 years. There were statistically significant differences in markers of oxidative stress between exposed farmers and not exposed group (p = 0.000). However, in most cases, no significant differences were found in markers of oxidative stress among the 4 exposure sub-groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the Cienega region, despite the indiscriminate use of organophosphorus and carbamates, there are no previous studies of levels oxidative stress. The results show increased levels of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed farmers, particularly membrane fluidity levels increased three times in contrast to not exposed group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers

Salazar-Flores

Pacheco-Moisés

Ortíz

et al. 2020

J Occup Med Toxicol

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“…This electrophilic specie can bind covalently to the DNA forming an adduct; and therefore, has mutagenic and carcinogenic potential (LAJOVIC et al, 2015). The generation of ROS has also been related to exposure to EC, triggering oxidative stress and cell death via energy depletion and disruption of cells membrane integrity (LIU et al, 2017). Overproduction of ROS may result in genomic alterations such as mutations and deletions, which further facilitates progression of pre-neoplastic cells to the malignant form, increasing the risk of cancer.…”

Section: Ethyl Carbamate (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl compounds in wine: factors related to presence and toxic effects

Lago

Welke

2019

Cienc. Rural

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The objective of this study was to review technological and toxicological factors related to presence of carbonyl compounds found in wines, including acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC) and furfural. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde may be formed through the ethanol and methanol oxidation, respectively. Acrolein may arise as a thermal degradation product of glycerol, amino acids, carbohydrates and triglycerides or by metabolic activity of microorganisms. In addition, acrolein and furfural are formed during wood combustion; therefore, these aldehydes may be present in raw materials due to the environmental contamination. Furfural is also a product of the Maillard reaction formed from sugars and amino acids, while ethyl carbamate occurs through the reaction between urea and ethanol. These compounds may react with SO 2 and phenolic compounds to form non-volatile adducts, which positively modulates color stability, astringency and aroma in wine. However, when ingested through wine, electrophilic carbonyl compounds may form adducts with nucleophilic targets, such as DNA, resulting in genotoxicity along the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, carbonyl compounds induce the increase of reactive oxygen species and can trigger apoptosis, in addition to hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma as a consequence of chronic hepatotoxicity. Neurodegenerative diseases may be related to the exposure to carbonyl compounds. Therefore, strategies to reduce the levels of these compounds should be studied in order to get the most out of the beneficial functional properties of wine consumption. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar os fatores tecnológicos e toxicológicos relacionados à presença de compostos carbonílicos encontrados em vinhos, incluindo acetaldeído, formaldeído, acroleína, carbamato de etila (CE) e furfural. O acetaldeído e o formaldeído podem ser formados através da oxidação do etanol e do metanol, respectivamente. A acroleína pode surgir como um produto de degradação térmica de glicerol, aminoácidos, carboidratos e triglicerídeos ou pela atividade metabólica de microorganismos. Além disso, a acroleína e o furfural são formados durante a combustão da madeira. Portanto, esses aldeídos podem estar presentes nas matérias-primas devido à contaminação ambiental. O furfural é também um produto da reação de Maillard formado a partir de açúcares e aminoácidos, enquanto o carbamato de etila ocorre através da reação entre uréia e etanol. Estes compostos podem reagir com SO 2 e compostos fenólicos para formar adutos não voláteis, que modulam positivamente a estabilidade da cor, adstringência e aroma no vinho. No entanto, quando ingeridos através do vinho, os compostos carbonílicos que são eletrofílicos podem formar adutos com alvos nucleofílicos, como o DNA, resultando em genotoxicidade ao longo do trato gastrintestinal. Além disso, os compostos carbonílicos também induzem o aumento de espécies reativas de oxigênio e podem desencadear a apoptose, além de adenoma e carcinoma hepatocelular como consequência d...

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Identification and expression of bifunctional acid urea‐degrading enzyme/urethanase from Enterobacter sp. R‐SYB082 and its application in degradation of ethyl carbamate in Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu)

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potential carcinogen existing in fermented foods such as Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu). Since urea is an important precursor of EC, the degradation of urea could be an effective way to reduce EC in foods. RESULTS In this study, an Enterobacter sp. R‐SYB082 with acid urea degradation characteristics was obtained through microbial screening. Further research isolated a new acid urea‐degrading enzyme from R‐SYB082 strain – ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (UAH) – which could degrade EC directly. The cloning and expression of UAH in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) suggested that the activity of urea‐degrading enzyme reached 3560 U L−1, while urethanase activity reached 2883 U L−1 in the optimal fermentation condition. The enzyme had the dual ability of degrading substrate urea and product EC. The removal rate of EC in Chinese rice wine could reach 90.7%. CONCLUSION This study provided a new method for the integrated control of EC in Chinese rice wine and other fermented foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers

Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers

Carbonyl compounds in wine: factors related to presence and toxic effects

Identification and expression of bifunctional acid urea‐degrading enzyme/urethanase from Enterobacter sp. R‐SYB082 and its application in degradation of ethyl carbamate in Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu)

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