Various types of collagen have been identified as potential ligands for the two mammalian discoidin domain receptor (DDR) tyrosine kinases, DDR1 and DDR2. It is presently unclear whether collagen-induced DDR receptor activation, which occurs with very slow kinetics, involves additional proteins with kinase activity or membrane-anchored proteins serving as coreceptors. In particular, the role of the collagen-binding integrins ␣ 1  1 or ␣ 2  1 in the DDR activation process is undefined. Here, we provide three lines of evidence suggesting that DDR1 signaling is distinct from integrin activation. First we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of DDR1 is essential for receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Collagen-induced DDR receptor autophosphorylation can be blocked either by a dominant negative mutant or by a preparation of recombinant extracellular domain. Second, we show DDR1 signals independent of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In cells that endogenously express both DDR1 and the EGF receptor, stimulation with EGF does not induce DDR activation. Third, we detected full DDR1 activation after collagen stimulation in cells that have been treated with blocking antibodies for ␣ 2  1 integrin or in cells with a targeted deletion of the  1 integrin gene. Finally, we show that overexpression of dominant negative DDR1 in the myoblast cell line C2C12 blocks cellular differentiation and the formation of myofibers.The various functions of collagens include acting as a structural support in tissue and bone architecture but also serving as bioactive molecules in cellular signaling (1). In many cell types, specific integrins act as surface receptors for different types of collagen (2, 3). These integrins are heterodimers with an ␣ 1 , ␣ 2 , or ␣ 10 subunit linked to the  1 subunit and are localized to the focal adhesion complex (4,5). Within this complex, they cluster with serine/threonine kinases, tyrosine kinases, and cytoskeletal proteins (6). Recently, several types of collagen were identified as candidate ligands for the two discoidin domain receptors (DDR), 1 DDR1 and DDR2 (7,8). DDRs are tyrosine kinase receptors that are distinguished by a homology region to the Dictyostelium discoideum protein discoidin in their extracellular region (9, 10). Whereas DDR1 activation, measured by an increase in tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation, is achieved by all collagens so far tested (type I to type VI), DDR2 is only activated by fibrillar collagens, in particular by collagen type I and type III (7). In contrast to most other tyrosine kinase receptors, DDR activation follows slow kinetics, and it takes up to 18 h to reach full receptor activity (7,8). The b isoform of DDR1 has an additional 37-amino acid sequence inserted by alternatively splicing into the juxtamembrane domain that contains an LXNPXY sequence (9). Upon collagen-mediated receptor activation, the tyrosine in the LXNPXY sequence becomes phosphorylated and provides a binding site for the phosphotyrosine binding domain of Shc (7). After prolonged act...