Ethyl 2,4-dicarboethoxy pantothenate, a derivative of pantothenic acid, prevents cellular damage initiated by environmental pollutants through Nrf2 activation

Abstract

EDCEP reduces cellular damage initiated by environmental pollutants by stimulating the intracellular defense system against ROS through the activation of Nrf2, and by interfering with AHR signaling pathway activation.

Impact of airborne particulate matter on skin: a systematic review from epidemiology to in vitro studies

“…Upon binding to its ligand, the AhR translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it forms a dimer with the AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) [202]. PM induces the nuclear translocation of AhR in vitro [119,124,171,172,178]. The AhR/ARNT complex binds to conserved promoter regions containing the xenobiotic response element (XRE), promoting the transcription of several groups of target genes, such as from the phase I metabolism (e.g., cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), the phase II metabolism (e.g., UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus, UGT1A and glutathione S-transferase A1, GSTA1) and a gene for the arylhydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) [203].…”

“…CYP enzymes can metabolize PAHs, and the formed metabolites can induce cell damage either by the formation of DNA, protein adducts, or the generation of ROS [195,[204][205][206][207][208]. Indeed, PM upregulates the CYP enzyme mRNA and protein expression in vitro and in vivo [119,128,129,134,135,139,141,167,171,172,178,187]. Other ROS producing enzymes are the members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) family [209].…”

“…Additionally, other algae extracts have shown to protect the skin from damage in vitro, such as Ecklonia cava extract and its compounds dieckol [126], fucosterol [137], diphlorethohydroxycarmalol [168], afzelin [180], and eupafolin [179]. Ethyl 2,4-dicarboethoxy pantothenate, which is a derivative of pantothenic acid, was shown to reduce to PM-induced cellular damage [171].…”

Epigenetic treatment of dermatologic disorders

“…Nrf2‐activating compounds are becoming staple ingredients in topically applied skin‐conditioning creams and other formulations that mitigate skin damage (Ahmed, ; Ben‐Nun, ; Braidy et al, ; Burke, ; Davinelli, Nielsen, & Scapagnini, ; Gorini et al, ; Huang, Wang, Yang, Chou, & Fang, ; Kocot, Kiełczykowska, Luchowska‐Kocot, Kurzepa, & Musik, ; Kunnumakkara et al, ; Lephart, ; Ríos, Giner, Marín, & Recio, ; Rodríguez‐Luna et al, ; Simitzis, ; Vega et al, , ; Vollmer et al, ; Yang et al, ; Yokota, Yahagi, & Masaki, ), promote skin repair (Bellot et al, ; Davinelli, Nielsen, & Scapagnini, ; Ferreira & Gomes, ; Kim et al, ; Yang et al, ), and enhance diabetic‐associated wound healing (Bellot et al, ; Ben‐Nun, ; Cuadrado et al, ; Ferreira & Gomes, ; Gorini et al, ; Huang et al, ; Kim et al, ; Kocot et al, ; Kunnumakkara et al, ; Panahi et al, ; Ríos et al, ; Sanchez, Lancel, Boulanger, & Neviere, ; Vega et al, ; Vega et al, ; Vollmer et al, ). With respect to the latter, almost a third of the world's population is considered to be overweight or obese (González‐Muniesa et al, ) and the percentage is rising to epidemic proportions (Blaszczak et al, ; Severin, Sabbahi, Mahmoud, Arena, & Phillips, ).…”

“…Nrf2-activating compounds are becoming staple ingredients in topically applied skin-conditioning creams and other formulations that mitigate skin damage (Ahmed, 2019;Ben-Nun, 2018;Braidy et al, 2019;Burke, 2018;Davinelli, Nielsen, & Scapagnini, 2018;Gorini et al, 2019;Huang, Wang, Yang, Chou, & Fang, 2018;Kocot, Kiełczykowska, Luchowska-Kocot, Kurzepa, & Musik, 2018;Kunnumakkara et al, 2017;Lephart, 2018;Ríos, Giner, Marín, & Recio, 2018;Rodríguez-Luna et al, 2018;Simitzis, 2018;Vega et al, 2017Vega et al, , 2018Vollmer et al, 2018;Yokota, Yahagi, & Masaki, 2018), promote skin repair (Bellot et al, 2019;Davinelli, Nielsen, & Scapagnini, 2018;Ferreira & Gomes, 2018;, and enhance diabeticassociated wound healing (Bellot et al, 2019;Ben-Nun, 2018;Cuadrado et al, 2019;Ferreira & Gomes, 2018;Gorini et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2018;Kocot et al, 2018;Kunnumakkara et al, 2017;Panahi et al, 2019;Ríos et al, 2018;Sanchez, Lancel, Boulanger, & Neviere, 2018;Vega et al, 2017;Vega et al, 2018;Vollmer et al, 2018).…”